package com.twitter.search.common.query;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Set;

import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;

import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.LeafReaderContext;
import org.apache.lucene.index.Term;
import org.apache.lucene.search.DocIdSetIterator;
import org.apache.lucene.search.Explanation;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
import org.apache.lucene.search.Scorer;
import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreMode;
import org.apache.lucene.search.Weight;

/**
 * A pairing of a query and a filter. The hits traversal is driven by the query's DocIdSetIterator,
 * and the filter is used only to do post-filtering. In other words, the filter is never used to
 * find the next doc ID: it's only used to filter out the doc IDs returned by the query's
 * DocIdSetIterator. This is useful when we need to have a conjunction between a query that can
 * quickly iterate through doc IDs (eg. a posting list), and an expensive filter (eg. a filter based
 * on the values stored in a CSF).
 *
 * For example, let say we want to build a query that returns all docs that have at least 100 faves.
 *   1. One option is to go with the [min_faves 100] query. This would be very expensive though,
 *      because this query would have to walk through every doc in the segment and for each one of
 *      them it would have to extract the number of faves from the forward index.
 *   2. Another option is to go with a conjunction between this query and the HAS_ENGAGEMENT filter:
 *      (+[min_faves 100] +[cached_filter has_engagements]). The HAS_ENGAGEMENT filter could
 *      traverse the doc ID space faster (if it's backed by a posting list). But this approach would
 *      still be slow, because as soon as the HAS_ENGAGEMENT filter finds a doc ID, the conjunction
 *      scorer would trigger an advance(docID) call on the min_faves part of the query, which has
 *      the same problem as the first option.
 *   3. Finally, a better option for this particular case would be to drive by the HAS_ENGAGEMENT
 *      filter (because it can quickly jump over all docs that do not have any engagement), and use
 *      the min_faves filter as a post-processing step, on a much smaller set of docs.
 */
public class FilteredQuery extends Query {
  /**
   * A doc ID predicate that determines if the given doc ID should be accepted.
   */
  @FunctionalInterface
  public static interface DocIdFilter {
    /**
     * Determines if the given doc ID should be accepted.
     */
    boolean accept(int docId) throws IOException;
  }

  /**
   * A factory for creating DocIdFilter instances based on a given LeafReaderContext instance.
   */
  @FunctionalInterface
  public static interface DocIdFilterFactory {
    /**
     * Returns a DocIdFilter instance for the given LeafReaderContext instance.
     */
    DocIdFilter getDocIdFilter(LeafReaderContext context) throws IOException;
  }

  private static class FilteredQueryDocIdSetIterator extends DocIdSetIterator {
    private final DocIdSetIterator queryScorerIterator;
    private final DocIdFilter docIdFilter;

    public FilteredQueryDocIdSetIterator(
        DocIdSetIterator queryScorerIterator, DocIdFilter docIdFilter) {
      this.queryScorerIterator = Preconditions.checkNotNull(queryScorerIterator);
      this.docIdFilter = Preconditions.checkNotNull(docIdFilter);
    }

    @Override
    public int docID() {
      return queryScorerIterator.docID();
    }

    @Override
    public int nextDoc() throws IOException {
      int docId;
      do {
        docId = queryScorerIterator.nextDoc();
      } while (docId != NO_MORE_DOCS && !docIdFilter.accept(docId));
      return docId;
    }

    @Override
    public int advance(int target) throws IOException {
      int docId = queryScorerIterator.advance(target);
      if (docId == NO_MORE_DOCS || docIdFilter.accept(docId)) {
        return docId;
      }
      return nextDoc();
    }

    @Override
    public long cost() {
      return queryScorerIterator.cost();
    }
  }

  private static class FilteredQueryScorer extends Scorer {
    private final Scorer queryScorer;
    private final DocIdFilter docIdFilter;

    public FilteredQueryScorer(Weight weight, Scorer queryScorer, DocIdFilter docIdFilter) {
      super(weight);
      this.queryScorer = Preconditions.checkNotNull(queryScorer);
      this.docIdFilter = Preconditions.checkNotNull(docIdFilter);
    }

    @Override
    public int docID() {
      return queryScorer.docID();
    }

    @Override
    public float score() throws IOException {
      return queryScorer.score();
    }

    @Override
    public DocIdSetIterator iterator() {
      return new FilteredQueryDocIdSetIterator(queryScorer.iterator(), docIdFilter);
    }

    @Override
    public float getMaxScore(int upTo) throws IOException {
      return queryScorer.getMaxScore(upTo);
    }
  }

  private static class FilteredQueryWeight extends Weight {
    private final Weight queryWeight;
    private final DocIdFilterFactory docIdFilterFactory;

    public FilteredQueryWeight(
        FilteredQuery query, Weight queryWeight, DocIdFilterFactory docIdFilterFactory) {
      super(query);
      this.queryWeight = Preconditions.checkNotNull(queryWeight);
      this.docIdFilterFactory = Preconditions.checkNotNull(docIdFilterFactory);
    }

    @Override
    public void extractTerms(Set<Term> terms) {
      queryWeight.extractTerms(terms);
    }

    @Override
    public Explanation explain(LeafReaderContext context, int doc) throws IOException {
      return queryWeight.explain(context, doc);
    }

    @Override
    public Scorer scorer(LeafReaderContext context) throws IOException {
      Scorer queryScorer = queryWeight.scorer(context);
      if (queryScorer == null) {
        return null;
      }

      return new FilteredQueryScorer(this, queryScorer, docIdFilterFactory.getDocIdFilter(context));
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isCacheable(LeafReaderContext ctx) {
      return queryWeight.isCacheable(ctx);
    }
  }

  private final Query query;
  private final DocIdFilterFactory docIdFilterFactory;

  public FilteredQuery(Query query, DocIdFilterFactory docIdFilterFactory) {
    this.query = Preconditions.checkNotNull(query);
    this.docIdFilterFactory = Preconditions.checkNotNull(docIdFilterFactory);
  }

  public Query getQuery() {
    return query;
  }

  @Override
  public Query rewrite(IndexReader reader) throws IOException {
    Query rewrittenQuery = query.rewrite(reader);
    if (rewrittenQuery != query) {
      return new FilteredQuery(rewrittenQuery, docIdFilterFactory);
    }
    return this;
  }

  @Override
  public int hashCode() {
    return query.hashCode() * 13 + docIdFilterFactory.hashCode();
  }

  @Override
  public boolean equals(Object obj) {
    if (!(obj instanceof FilteredQuery)) {
      return false;
    }

    FilteredQuery filteredQuery = FilteredQuery.class.cast(obj);
    return query.equals(filteredQuery.query)
        && docIdFilterFactory.equals(filteredQuery.docIdFilterFactory);
  }

  @Override
  public String toString(String field) {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    sb.append("FilteredQuery(")
        .append(query)
        .append(" -> ")
        .append(docIdFilterFactory)
        .append(")");
    return sb.toString();
  }

  @Override
  public Weight createWeight(IndexSearcher searcher, ScoreMode scoreMode, float boost)
      throws IOException {
    Weight queryWeight = Preconditions.checkNotNull(query.createWeight(searcher, scoreMode, boost));
    return new FilteredQueryWeight(this, queryWeight, docIdFilterFactory);
  }
}