Merge pull request #789 from tfarley/opengl-renderer

OpenGL Hardware Renderer

src/citra/citra.cpp

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 #include "citra/config.h"
 #include "citra/emu_window/emu_window_glfw.h"
 
+#include "video_core/video_core.h"
+
 /// Application entry point
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     Log::Filter log_filter(Log::Level::Debug);
@@ -34,6 +36,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     std::string boot_filename = argv[1];
     EmuWindow_GLFW* emu_window = new EmuWindow_GLFW;
 
+    VideoCore::g_hw_renderer_enabled = Settings::values.use_hw_renderer;
+
     System::Init(emu_window);
 
     Loader::ResultStatus load_result = Loader::LoadFile(boot_filename);

src/citra/config.cpp

@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ void Config::ReadValues() {
     Settings::values.frame_skip = glfw_config->GetInteger("Core", "frame_skip", 0);
 
     // Renderer
+    Settings::values.use_hw_renderer = glfw_config->GetBoolean("Renderer", "use_hw_renderer", false);
+
     Settings::values.bg_red   = (float)glfw_config->GetReal("Renderer", "bg_red",   1.0);
     Settings::values.bg_green = (float)glfw_config->GetReal("Renderer", "bg_green", 1.0);
     Settings::values.bg_blue  = (float)glfw_config->GetReal("Renderer", "bg_blue",  1.0);

src/citra/default_ini.h

@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ gpu_refresh_rate =
 frame_skip =
 
 [Renderer]
+# Whether to use software or hardware rendering.
+# 0 (default): Software, 1: Hardware
+use_hw_renderer =
+
 # The clear color for the renderer. What shows up on the sides of the bottom screen.
 # Must be in range of 0.0-1.0. Defaults to 1.0 for all.
 bg_red =

src/citra_qt/bootmanager.cpp

@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@
 
 EmuThread::EmuThread(GRenderWindow* render_window) :
     exec_step(false), running(false), stop_run(false), render_window(render_window) {
-
-    connect(this, SIGNAL(started()), render_window, SLOT(moveContext()));
 }
 
 void EmuThread::run() {
+    render_window->MakeCurrent();
+
     stop_run = false;
 
     // holds whether the cpu was running during the last iteration,

src/citra_qt/config.cpp

@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ void Config::ReadValues() {
     qt_config->endGroup();
 
     qt_config->beginGroup("Renderer");
+    Settings::values.use_hw_renderer = qt_config->value("use_hw_renderer", false).toBool();
+
     Settings::values.bg_red   = qt_config->value("bg_red",   1.0).toFloat();
     Settings::values.bg_green = qt_config->value("bg_green", 1.0).toFloat();
     Settings::values.bg_blue  = qt_config->value("bg_blue",  1.0).toFloat();
@@ -105,6 +107,8 @@ void Config::SaveValues() {
     qt_config->endGroup();
 
     qt_config->beginGroup("Renderer");
+    qt_config->setValue("use_hw_renderer", Settings::values.use_hw_renderer);
+
     // Cast to double because Qt's written float values are not human-readable
     qt_config->setValue("bg_red",   (double)Settings::values.bg_red);
     qt_config->setValue("bg_green", (double)Settings::values.bg_green);

src/citra_qt/main.cpp

@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@
 #include "core/arm/disassembler/load_symbol_map.h"
 #include "citra_qt/config.h"
 
+#include "video_core/video_core.h"
+
 #include "version.h"
 
 GMainWindow::GMainWindow() : emu_thread(nullptr)
@@ -123,6 +125,9 @@ GMainWindow::GMainWindow() : emu_thread(nullptr)
     restoreState(settings.value("state").toByteArray());
     render_window->restoreGeometry(settings.value("geometryRenderWindow").toByteArray());
 
+    ui.action_Use_Hardware_Renderer->setChecked(Settings::values.use_hw_renderer);
+    SetHardwareRendererEnabled(ui.action_Use_Hardware_Renderer->isChecked());
+    
     ui.action_Single_Window_Mode->setChecked(settings.value("singleWindowMode", true).toBool());
     ToggleWindowMode();
 
@@ -135,6 +140,7 @@ GMainWindow::GMainWindow() : emu_thread(nullptr)
     connect(ui.action_Start, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(OnStartGame()));
     connect(ui.action_Pause, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(OnPauseGame()));
     connect(ui.action_Stop, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(OnStopGame()));
+    connect(ui.action_Use_Hardware_Renderer, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(SetHardwareRendererEnabled(bool)));
     connect(ui.action_Single_Window_Mode, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(ToggleWindowMode()));
     connect(ui.action_Hotkeys, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(OnOpenHotkeysDialog()));
 
@@ -210,6 +216,7 @@ void GMainWindow::BootGame(std::string filename) {
     // Create and start the emulation thread
     emu_thread = Common::make_unique<EmuThread>(render_window);
     emit EmulationStarting(emu_thread.get());
+    render_window->moveContext();
     emu_thread->start();
 
     // BlockingQueuedConnection is important here, it makes sure we've finished refreshing our views before the CPU continues
@@ -300,6 +307,9 @@ void GMainWindow::OnOpenHotkeysDialog()
     dialog.exec();
 }
 
+void GMainWindow::SetHardwareRendererEnabled(bool enabled) {
+    VideoCore::g_hw_renderer_enabled = enabled;
+}
 
 void GMainWindow::ToggleWindowMode() {
     if (ui.action_Single_Window_Mode->isChecked()) {

src/citra_qt/main.h

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ private slots:
     void OnOpenHotkeysDialog();
     void OnConfigure();
     void OnDisplayTitleBars(bool);
+    void SetHardwareRendererEnabled(bool);
     void ToggleWindowMode();
 
 private:

src/citra_qt/main.ui

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
     <addaction name="action_Pause"/>
     <addaction name="action_Stop"/>
     <addaction name="separator"/>
+    <addaction name="action_Use_Hardware_Renderer"/>
     <addaction name="action_Configure"/>
    </widget>
    <widget class="QMenu" name="menu_View">
@@ -131,6 +132,14 @@
     <string>Configure &amp;Hotkeys ...</string>
    </property>
   </action>
+  <action name="action_Use_Hardware_Renderer">
+   <property name="checkable">
+    <bool>true</bool>
+   </property>
+   <property name="text">
+    <string>Use Hardware Renderer</string>
+   </property>
+  </action>
   <action name="action_Configure">
    <property name="text">
     <string>Configure ...</string>

src/common/math_util.h

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@
 namespace MathUtil
 {
 
+inline bool IntervalsIntersect(unsigned start0, unsigned length0, unsigned start1, unsigned length1) {
+    return (std::max(start0, start1) <= std::min(start0 + length0, start1 + length1));
+}
+
 template<typename T>
 inline T Clamp(const T val, const T& min, const T& max)
 {

src/core/hle/service/gsp_gpu.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "core/hw/lcd.h"
 
 #include "video_core/gpu_debugger.h"
+#include "video_core/video_core.h"
 
 // Main graphics debugger object - TODO: Here is probably not the best place for this
 GraphicsDebugger g_debugger;
@@ -264,6 +265,8 @@ static void FlushDataCache(Service::Interface* self) {
     u32 size    = cmd_buff[2];
     u32 process = cmd_buff[4];
 
+    VideoCore::g_renderer->hw_rasterizer->NotifyFlush(Memory::VirtualToPhysicalAddress(address), size);
+
     // TODO(purpasmart96): Verify return header on HW
 
     cmd_buff[1] = RESULT_SUCCESS.raw; // No error
@@ -352,10 +355,16 @@ static void ExecuteCommand(const Command& command, u32 thread_id) {
 
     // GX request DMA - typically used for copying memory from GSP heap to VRAM
     case CommandId::REQUEST_DMA:
+        VideoCore::g_renderer->hw_rasterizer->NotifyPreRead(Memory::VirtualToPhysicalAddress(command.dma_request.source_address),
+                                                            command.dma_request.size);
+
         memcpy(Memory::GetPointer(command.dma_request.dest_address),
                Memory::GetPointer(command.dma_request.source_address),
                command.dma_request.size);
         SignalInterrupt(InterruptId::DMA);
+
+        VideoCore::g_renderer->hw_rasterizer->NotifyFlush(Memory::VirtualToPhysicalAddress(command.dma_request.dest_address),
+                                                          command.dma_request.size);
         break;
 
     // ctrulib homebrew sends all relevant command list data with this command,

src/core/hle/service/y2r_u.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,11 @@
 #include "core/hle/hle.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/event.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/y2r_u.h"
+#include "core/mem_map.h"
+#include "core/memory.h"
+
 #include "video_core/utils.h"
+#include "video_core/video_core.h"
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Namespace Y2R_U
@@ -260,6 +264,13 @@ static void StartConversion(Service::Interface* self) {
         break;
     }
     }
+
+    // dst_image_size would seem to be perfect for this, but it doesn't include the stride :(
+    u32 total_output_size = conversion_params.input_lines *
+        (conversion_params.dst_transfer_unit + conversion_params.dst_stride);
+    VideoCore::g_renderer->hw_rasterizer->NotifyFlush(
+        Memory::VirtualToPhysicalAddress(conversion_params.dst_address), total_output_size);
+
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_Y2R, "called");
     completion_event->Signal();
 

src/core/hw/gpu.cpp

@@ -106,6 +106,8 @@ inline void Write(u32 addr, const T data) {
             } else {
                 GSP_GPU::SignalInterrupt(GSP_GPU::InterruptId::PSC1);
             }
+
+            VideoCore::g_renderer->hw_rasterizer->NotifyFlush(config.GetStartAddress(), config.GetEndAddress() - config.GetStartAddress());
         }
         break;
     }
@@ -129,19 +131,25 @@ inline void Write(u32 addr, const T data) {
             u32 output_width = config.output_width / horizontal_scale;
             u32 output_height = config.output_height / vertical_scale;
 
+            u32 input_size = config.input_width * config.input_height * GPU::Regs::BytesPerPixel(config.input_format);
+            u32 output_size = output_width * output_height * GPU::Regs::BytesPerPixel(config.output_format);
+
+            VideoCore::g_renderer->hw_rasterizer->NotifyPreRead(config.GetPhysicalInputAddress(), input_size);
+
             if (config.raw_copy) {
                 // Raw copies do not perform color conversion nor tiled->linear / linear->tiled conversions
                 // TODO(Subv): Verify if raw copies perform scaling
-                memcpy(dst_pointer, src_pointer, config.output_width * config.output_height * 
+                memcpy(dst_pointer, src_pointer, output_size);
-                        GPU::Regs::BytesPerPixel(config.output_format));
                 
                 LOG_TRACE(HW_GPU, "DisplayTriggerTransfer: 0x%08x bytes from 0x%08x(%ux%u)-> 0x%08x(%ux%u), output format: %x, flags 0x%08X, Raw copy",
-                    config.output_height * output_width * GPU::Regs::BytesPerPixel(config.output_format),
+                    output_size,
                     config.GetPhysicalInputAddress(), config.input_width.Value(), config.input_height.Value(),
                     config.GetPhysicalOutputAddress(), config.output_width.Value(), config.output_height.Value(),
                     config.output_format.Value(), config.flags);
 
                 GSP_GPU::SignalInterrupt(GSP_GPU::InterruptId::PPF);
+
+                VideoCore::g_renderer->hw_rasterizer->NotifyFlush(config.GetPhysicalOutputAddress(), output_size);
                 break;
             }
 
@@ -247,6 +255,8 @@ inline void Write(u32 addr, const T data) {
                       config.output_format.Value(), config.flags);
 
             GSP_GPU::SignalInterrupt(GSP_GPU::InterruptId::PPF);
+
+            VideoCore::g_renderer->hw_rasterizer->NotifyFlush(config.GetPhysicalOutputAddress(), output_size);
         }
         break;
     }

src/core/settings.h

@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ struct Values {
     int region_value;
 
     // Renderer
+    bool use_hw_renderer;
+
     float bg_red;
     float bg_green;
     float bg_blue;

src/video_core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 set(SRCS
             renderer_opengl/generated/gl_3_2_core.c
-            renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp
+            renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp
+            renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.cpp
+            renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.cpp
             renderer_opengl/gl_shader_util.cpp
+            renderer_opengl/gl_state.cpp
+            renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp
             debug_utils/debug_utils.cpp
             clipper.cpp
             command_processor.cpp
@@ -15,13 +19,19 @@ set(SRCS
 set(HEADERS
             debug_utils/debug_utils.h
             renderer_opengl/generated/gl_3_2_core.h
+            renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h
+            renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.h
+            renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.h
             renderer_opengl/gl_shader_util.h
             renderer_opengl/gl_shaders.h
+            renderer_opengl/gl_state.h
+            renderer_opengl/pica_to_gl.h
             renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h
             clipper.h
             color.h
             command_processor.h
             gpu_debugger.h
+            hwrasterizer_base.h
             math.h
             pica.h
             primitive_assembly.h

src/video_core/command_processor.cpp

@@ -12,8 +12,10 @@
 #include "pica.h"
 #include "primitive_assembly.h"
 #include "vertex_shader.h"
+#include "video_core.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/gsp_gpu.h"
 #include "core/hw/gpu.h"
+#include "core/settings.h"
 
 #include "debug_utils/debug_utils.h"
 
@@ -107,7 +109,7 @@ static inline void WritePicaReg(u32 id, u32 value, u32 mask) {
             bool index_u16 = index_info.format != 0;
 
             DebugUtils::GeometryDumper geometry_dumper;
-            PrimitiveAssembler<VertexShader::OutputVertex> clipper_primitive_assembler(registers.triangle_topology.Value());
+            PrimitiveAssembler<VertexShader::OutputVertex> primitive_assembler(registers.triangle_topology.Value());
             PrimitiveAssembler<DebugUtils::GeometryDumper::Vertex> dumping_primitive_assembler(registers.triangle_topology.Value());
 
             for (unsigned int index = 0; index < registers.num_vertices; ++index)
@@ -185,9 +187,25 @@ static inline void WritePicaReg(u32 id, u32 value, u32 mask) {
                     // TODO: Add processed vertex to vertex cache!
                 }
 
-                // Send to triangle clipper
+                if (Settings::values.use_hw_renderer) {
-                clipper_primitive_assembler.SubmitVertex(output, Clipper::ProcessTriangle);
+                    // Send to hardware renderer
+                    static auto AddHWTriangle = [](const Pica::VertexShader::OutputVertex& v0,
+                                                   const Pica::VertexShader::OutputVertex& v1,
+                                                   const Pica::VertexShader::OutputVertex& v2) {
+                        VideoCore::g_renderer->hw_rasterizer->AddTriangle(v0, v1, v2);
+                    };
+                    
+                    primitive_assembler.SubmitVertex(output, AddHWTriangle);
+                } else {
+                    // Send to triangle clipper
+                    primitive_assembler.SubmitVertex(output, Clipper::ProcessTriangle);
+                }
             }
+
+            if (Settings::values.use_hw_renderer) {
+                VideoCore::g_renderer->hw_rasterizer->DrawTriangles();
+            }
+
             geometry_dumper.Dump();
 
             if (g_debug_context)
@@ -340,6 +358,8 @@ static inline void WritePicaReg(u32 id, u32 value, u32 mask) {
             break;
     }
 
+    VideoCore::g_renderer->hw_rasterizer->NotifyPicaRegisterChanged(id);
+
     if (g_debug_context)
         g_debug_context->OnEvent(DebugContext::Event::CommandProcessed, reinterpret_cast<void*>(&id));
 }

src/video_core/debug_utils/debug_utils.cpp

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "video_core/math.h"
 #include "video_core/pica.h"
 #include "video_core/utils.h"
+#include "video_core/video_core.h"
 
 #include "debug_utils.h"
 
@@ -40,6 +41,9 @@ void DebugContext::OnEvent(Event event, void* data) {
     {
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(breakpoint_mutex);
 
+        // Commit the hardware renderer's framebuffer so it will show on debug widgets
+        VideoCore::g_renderer->hw_rasterizer->CommitFramebuffer();
+
         // TODO: Should stop the CPU thread here once we multithread emulation.
 
         active_breakpoint = event;

src/video_core/hwrasterizer_base.h

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Citra Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/emu_window.h"
+#include "video_core/vertex_shader.h"
+
+class HWRasterizer {
+public:
+    virtual ~HWRasterizer() {
+    }
+
+    /// Initialize API-specific GPU objects
+    virtual void InitObjects() = 0;
+
+    /// Reset the rasterizer, such as flushing all caches and updating all state
+    virtual void Reset() = 0;
+
+    /// Queues the primitive formed by the given vertices for rendering
+    virtual void AddTriangle(const Pica::VertexShader::OutputVertex& v0,
+                             const Pica::VertexShader::OutputVertex& v1,
+                             const Pica::VertexShader::OutputVertex& v2) = 0;
+
+    /// Draw the current batch of triangles
+    virtual void DrawTriangles() = 0;
+
+    /// Commit the rasterizer's framebuffer contents immediately to the current 3DS memory framebuffer
+    virtual void CommitFramebuffer() = 0;
+
+    /// Notify rasterizer that the specified PICA register has been changed
+    virtual void NotifyPicaRegisterChanged(u32 id) = 0;
+
+    /// Notify rasterizer that the specified 3DS memory region will be read from after this notification
+    virtual void NotifyPreRead(PAddr addr, u32 size) = 0;
+
+    /// Notify rasterizer that a 3DS memory region has been changed
+    virtual void NotifyFlush(PAddr addr, u32 size) = 0;
+};

src/video_core/pica.h

@@ -490,20 +490,37 @@ struct Regs {
         }
     }
 
-    struct {
+    // Components are laid out in reverse byte order, most significant bits first.
-        // Components are laid out in reverse byte order, most significant bits first.
+    enum ColorFormat : u32 {
-        enum ColorFormat : u32 {
+        RGBA8    = 0,
-            RGBA8    = 0,
+        RGB8     = 1,
-            RGB8     = 1,
+        RGB5A1   = 2,
-            RGB5A1   = 2,
+        RGB565   = 3,
-            RGB565   = 3,
+        RGBA4    = 4,
-            RGBA4    = 4,
+    };
-        };
 
+    // Returns the number of bytes in the specified color format
+    static unsigned BytesPerColorPixel(ColorFormat format) {
+        switch (format) {
+        case ColorFormat::RGBA8:
+            return 4;
+        case ColorFormat::RGB8:
+            return 3;
+        case ColorFormat::RGB5A1:
+        case ColorFormat::RGB565:
+        case ColorFormat::RGBA4:
+            return 2;
+        default:
+            LOG_CRITICAL(HW_GPU, "Unknown color format %u", format);
+            UNIMPLEMENTED();
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct {
         INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(0x6);
 
         DepthFormat depth_format;
-        BitField<16, 3, u32> color_format;
+        BitField<16, 3, ColorFormat> color_format;
 
         INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(0x4);
 

src/video_core/rasterizer.cpp

@@ -36,23 +36,23 @@ static void DrawPixel(int x, int y, const Math::Vec4<u8>& color) {
     u8* dst_pixel = Memory::GetPhysicalPointer(addr) + dst_offset;
 
     switch (registers.framebuffer.color_format) {
-    case registers.framebuffer.RGBA8:
+    case Pica::Regs::ColorFormat::RGBA8:
         Color::EncodeRGBA8(color, dst_pixel);
         break;
 
-    case registers.framebuffer.RGB8:
+    case Pica::Regs::ColorFormat::RGB8:
         Color::EncodeRGB8(color, dst_pixel);
         break;
 
-    case registers.framebuffer.RGB5A1:
+    case Pica::Regs::ColorFormat::RGB5A1:
         Color::EncodeRGB5A1(color, dst_pixel);
         break;
 
-    case registers.framebuffer.RGB565:
+    case Pica::Regs::ColorFormat::RGB565:
         Color::EncodeRGB565(color, dst_pixel);
         break;
 
-    case registers.framebuffer.RGBA4:
+    case Pica::Regs::ColorFormat::RGBA4:
         Color::EncodeRGBA4(color, dst_pixel);
         break;
 
@@ -73,19 +73,19 @@ static const Math::Vec4<u8> GetPixel(int x, int y) {
     u8* src_pixel = Memory::GetPhysicalPointer(addr) + src_offset;
 
     switch (registers.framebuffer.color_format) {
-    case registers.framebuffer.RGBA8:
+    case Pica::Regs::ColorFormat::RGBA8:
         return Color::DecodeRGBA8(src_pixel);
 
-    case registers.framebuffer.RGB8:
+    case Pica::Regs::ColorFormat::RGB8:
         return Color::DecodeRGB8(src_pixel);
 
-    case registers.framebuffer.RGB5A1:
+    case Pica::Regs::ColorFormat::RGB5A1:
         return Color::DecodeRGB5A1(src_pixel);
 
-    case registers.framebuffer.RGB565:
+    case Pica::Regs::ColorFormat::RGB565:
         return Color::DecodeRGB565(src_pixel);
 
-    case registers.framebuffer.RGBA4:
+    case Pica::Regs::ColorFormat::RGBA4:
         return Color::DecodeRGBA4(src_pixel);
 
     default:

src/video_core/renderer_base.h

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 
+#include "video_core/hwrasterizer_base.h"
+
 class RendererBase : NonCopyable {
 public:
 
@@ -48,6 +50,8 @@ public:
         return m_current_frame;
     }
 
+    std::unique_ptr<HWRasterizer> hw_rasterizer;
+
 protected:
     f32 m_current_fps;              ///< Current framerate, should be set by the renderer
     int m_current_frame;            ///< Current frame, should be set by the renderer

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,879 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Citra Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include "core/settings.h"
+#include "core/hw/gpu.h"
+
+#include "video_core/color.h"
+#include "video_core/pica.h"
+#include "video_core/utils.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shaders.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_util.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/pica_to_gl.h"
+
+#include "generated/gl_3_2_core.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+
+static bool IsPassThroughTevStage(const Pica::Regs::TevStageConfig& stage) {
+    return (stage.color_op == Pica::Regs::TevStageConfig::Operation::Replace &&
+            stage.alpha_op == Pica::Regs::TevStageConfig::Operation::Replace &&
+            stage.color_source1 == Pica::Regs::TevStageConfig::Source::Previous &&
+            stage.alpha_source1 == Pica::Regs::TevStageConfig::Source::Previous &&
+            stage.color_modifier1 == Pica::Regs::TevStageConfig::ColorModifier::SourceColor &&
+            stage.alpha_modifier1 == Pica::Regs::TevStageConfig::AlphaModifier::SourceAlpha &&
+            stage.GetColorMultiplier() == 1 &&
+            stage.GetAlphaMultiplier() == 1);
+}
+
+RasterizerOpenGL::RasterizerOpenGL() : last_fb_color_addr(0), last_fb_depth_addr(0) { }
+RasterizerOpenGL::~RasterizerOpenGL() { }
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::InitObjects() {
+    // Create the hardware shader program and get attrib/uniform locations
+    shader.Create(GLShaders::g_vertex_shader_hw, GLShaders::g_fragment_shader_hw);
+    attrib_position = glGetAttribLocation(shader.handle, "vert_position");
+    attrib_color = glGetAttribLocation(shader.handle, "vert_color");
+    attrib_texcoords = glGetAttribLocation(shader.handle, "vert_texcoords");
+
+    uniform_alphatest_enabled = glGetUniformLocation(shader.handle, "alphatest_enabled");
+    uniform_alphatest_func = glGetUniformLocation(shader.handle, "alphatest_func");
+    uniform_alphatest_ref = glGetUniformLocation(shader.handle, "alphatest_ref");
+
+    uniform_tex = glGetUniformLocation(shader.handle, "tex");
+
+    uniform_tev_combiner_buffer_color = glGetUniformLocation(shader.handle, "tev_combiner_buffer_color");
+
+    const auto tev_stages = Pica::registers.GetTevStages();
+    for (unsigned tev_stage_index = 0; tev_stage_index < tev_stages.size(); ++tev_stage_index) {
+        auto& uniform_tev_cfg = uniform_tev_cfgs[tev_stage_index];
+
+        std::string tev_ref_str = "tev_cfgs[" + std::to_string(tev_stage_index) + "]";
+        uniform_tev_cfg.enabled = glGetUniformLocation(shader.handle, (tev_ref_str + ".enabled").c_str());
+        uniform_tev_cfg.color_sources = glGetUniformLocation(shader.handle, (tev_ref_str + ".color_sources").c_str());
+        uniform_tev_cfg.alpha_sources = glGetUniformLocation(shader.handle, (tev_ref_str + ".alpha_sources").c_str());
+        uniform_tev_cfg.color_modifiers = glGetUniformLocation(shader.handle, (tev_ref_str + ".color_modifiers").c_str());
+        uniform_tev_cfg.alpha_modifiers = glGetUniformLocation(shader.handle, (tev_ref_str + ".alpha_modifiers").c_str());
+        uniform_tev_cfg.color_alpha_op = glGetUniformLocation(shader.handle, (tev_ref_str + ".color_alpha_op").c_str());
+        uniform_tev_cfg.color_alpha_multiplier = glGetUniformLocation(shader.handle, (tev_ref_str + ".color_alpha_multiplier").c_str());
+        uniform_tev_cfg.const_color = glGetUniformLocation(shader.handle, (tev_ref_str + ".const_color").c_str());
+        uniform_tev_cfg.updates_combiner_buffer_color_alpha = glGetUniformLocation(shader.handle, (tev_ref_str + ".updates_combiner_buffer_color_alpha").c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Generate VBO and VAO
+    vertex_buffer.Create();
+    vertex_array.Create();
+
+    // Update OpenGL state
+    state.draw.vertex_array = vertex_array.handle;
+    state.draw.vertex_buffer = vertex_buffer.handle;
+    state.draw.shader_program = shader.handle;
+
+    state.Apply();
+
+    // Set the texture samplers to correspond to different texture units
+    glUniform1i(uniform_tex, 0);
+    glUniform1i(uniform_tex + 1, 1);
+    glUniform1i(uniform_tex + 2, 2);
+
+    // Set vertex attributes
+    glVertexAttribPointer(attrib_position, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(HardwareVertex), (GLvoid*)offsetof(HardwareVertex, position));
+    glVertexAttribPointer(attrib_color, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(HardwareVertex), (GLvoid*)offsetof(HardwareVertex, color));
+    glVertexAttribPointer(attrib_texcoords, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(HardwareVertex), (GLvoid*)offsetof(HardwareVertex, tex_coord0));
+    glVertexAttribPointer(attrib_texcoords + 1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(HardwareVertex), (GLvoid*)offsetof(HardwareVertex, tex_coord1));
+    glVertexAttribPointer(attrib_texcoords + 2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(HardwareVertex), (GLvoid*)offsetof(HardwareVertex, tex_coord2));
+    glEnableVertexAttribArray(attrib_position);
+    glEnableVertexAttribArray(attrib_color);
+    glEnableVertexAttribArray(attrib_texcoords);
+    glEnableVertexAttribArray(attrib_texcoords + 1);
+    glEnableVertexAttribArray(attrib_texcoords + 2);
+
+    // Create textures for OGL framebuffer that will be rendered to, initially 1x1 to succeed in framebuffer creation
+    fb_color_texture.texture.Create();
+    ReconfigureColorTexture(fb_color_texture, Pica::Regs::ColorFormat::RGBA8, 1, 1);
+    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL, 0);
+    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+
+    fb_depth_texture.texture.Create();
+    ReconfigureDepthTexture(fb_depth_texture, Pica::Regs::DepthFormat::D16, 1, 1);
+    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL, 0);
+    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_COMPARE_FUNC, GL_LEQUAL);
+    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_COMPARE_MODE, GL_NONE);
+
+    // Configure OpenGL framebuffer
+    framebuffer.Create();
+
+    state.draw.framebuffer = framebuffer.handle;
+
+    // Unbind texture to allow binding to framebuffer
+    state.texture_units[0].enabled_2d = true;
+    state.texture_units[0].texture_2d = 0;
+    state.Apply();
+
+    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, fb_color_texture.texture.handle, 0);
+    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, fb_depth_texture.texture.handle, 0);
+
+    ASSERT_MSG(glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER) == GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE,
+               "OpenGL rasterizer framebuffer setup failed, status %X", glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER));
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::Reset() {
+    SyncCullMode();
+    SyncBlendEnabled();
+    SyncBlendFuncs();
+    SyncBlendColor();
+    SyncAlphaTest();
+    SyncStencilTest();
+    SyncDepthTest();
+
+    // TEV stage 0
+    SyncTevSources(0, Pica::registers.tev_stage0);
+    SyncTevModifiers(0, Pica::registers.tev_stage0);
+    SyncTevOps(0, Pica::registers.tev_stage0);
+    SyncTevColor(0, Pica::registers.tev_stage0);
+    SyncTevMultipliers(0, Pica::registers.tev_stage0);
+
+    // TEV stage 1
+    SyncTevSources(1, Pica::registers.tev_stage1);
+    SyncTevModifiers(1, Pica::registers.tev_stage1);
+    SyncTevOps(1, Pica::registers.tev_stage1);
+    SyncTevColor(1, Pica::registers.tev_stage1);
+    SyncTevMultipliers(1, Pica::registers.tev_stage1);
+
+    // TEV stage 2
+    SyncTevSources(2, Pica::registers.tev_stage2);
+    SyncTevModifiers(2, Pica::registers.tev_stage2);
+    SyncTevOps(2, Pica::registers.tev_stage2);
+    SyncTevColor(2, Pica::registers.tev_stage2);
+    SyncTevMultipliers(2, Pica::registers.tev_stage2);
+
+    // TEV stage 3
+    SyncTevSources(3, Pica::registers.tev_stage3);
+    SyncTevModifiers(3, Pica::registers.tev_stage3);
+    SyncTevOps(3, Pica::registers.tev_stage3);
+    SyncTevColor(3, Pica::registers.tev_stage3);
+    SyncTevMultipliers(3, Pica::registers.tev_stage3);
+
+    // TEV stage 4
+    SyncTevSources(4, Pica::registers.tev_stage4);
+    SyncTevModifiers(4, Pica::registers.tev_stage4);
+    SyncTevOps(4, Pica::registers.tev_stage4);
+    SyncTevColor(4, Pica::registers.tev_stage4);
+    SyncTevMultipliers(4, Pica::registers.tev_stage4);
+
+    // TEV stage 5
+    SyncTevSources(5, Pica::registers.tev_stage5);
+    SyncTevModifiers(5, Pica::registers.tev_stage5);
+    SyncTevOps(5, Pica::registers.tev_stage5);
+    SyncTevColor(5, Pica::registers.tev_stage5);
+    SyncTevMultipliers(5, Pica::registers.tev_stage5);
+
+    SyncCombinerColor();
+    SyncCombinerWriteFlags();
+
+    res_cache.FullFlush();
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::AddTriangle(const Pica::VertexShader::OutputVertex& v0,
+                                   const Pica::VertexShader::OutputVertex& v1,
+                                   const Pica::VertexShader::OutputVertex& v2) {
+    vertex_batch.push_back(HardwareVertex(v0));
+    vertex_batch.push_back(HardwareVertex(v1));
+    vertex_batch.push_back(HardwareVertex(v2));
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::DrawTriangles() {
+    SyncFramebuffer();
+    SyncDrawState();
+
+    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertex_batch.size() * sizeof(HardwareVertex), vertex_batch.data(), GL_STREAM_DRAW);
+    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, (GLsizei)vertex_batch.size());
+
+    vertex_batch.clear();
+
+    // TODO: Flush the resource cache at the current depth and color framebuffer addresses for render-to-texture
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::CommitFramebuffer() {
+    CommitColorBuffer();
+    CommitDepthBuffer();
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::NotifyPicaRegisterChanged(u32 id) {
+    if (!Settings::values.use_hw_renderer)
+        return;
+
+    switch(id) {
+    // Culling
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(cull_mode):
+        SyncCullMode();
+        break;
+
+    // Blending
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(output_merger.alphablend_enable):
+        SyncBlendEnabled();
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(output_merger.alpha_blending):
+        SyncBlendFuncs();
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(output_merger.blend_const):
+        SyncBlendColor();
+        break;
+
+    // Alpha test
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(output_merger.alpha_test):
+        SyncAlphaTest();
+        break;
+
+    // Stencil test
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(output_merger.stencil_test):
+        SyncStencilTest();
+        break;
+
+    // Depth test
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(output_merger.depth_test_enable):
+        SyncDepthTest();
+        break;
+
+    // TEV stage 0
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage0.color_source1):
+        SyncTevSources(0, Pica::registers.tev_stage0);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage0.color_modifier1):
+        SyncTevModifiers(0, Pica::registers.tev_stage0);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage0.color_op):
+        SyncTevOps(0, Pica::registers.tev_stage0);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage0.const_r):
+        SyncTevColor(0, Pica::registers.tev_stage0);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage0.color_scale):
+        SyncTevMultipliers(0, Pica::registers.tev_stage0);
+        break;
+
+    // TEV stage 1
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage1.color_source1):
+        SyncTevSources(1, Pica::registers.tev_stage1);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage1.color_modifier1):
+        SyncTevModifiers(1, Pica::registers.tev_stage1);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage1.color_op):
+        SyncTevOps(1, Pica::registers.tev_stage1);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage1.const_r):
+        SyncTevColor(1, Pica::registers.tev_stage1);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage1.color_scale):
+        SyncTevMultipliers(1, Pica::registers.tev_stage1);
+        break;
+
+    // TEV stage 2
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage2.color_source1):
+        SyncTevSources(2, Pica::registers.tev_stage2);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage2.color_modifier1):
+        SyncTevModifiers(2, Pica::registers.tev_stage2);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage2.color_op):
+        SyncTevOps(2, Pica::registers.tev_stage2);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage2.const_r):
+        SyncTevColor(2, Pica::registers.tev_stage2);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage2.color_scale):
+        SyncTevMultipliers(2, Pica::registers.tev_stage2);
+        break;
+
+    // TEV stage 3
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage3.color_source1):
+        SyncTevSources(3, Pica::registers.tev_stage3);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage3.color_modifier1):
+        SyncTevModifiers(3, Pica::registers.tev_stage3);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage3.color_op):
+        SyncTevOps(3, Pica::registers.tev_stage3);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage3.const_r):
+        SyncTevColor(3, Pica::registers.tev_stage3);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage3.color_scale):
+        SyncTevMultipliers(3, Pica::registers.tev_stage3);
+        break;
+
+    // TEV stage 4
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage4.color_source1):
+        SyncTevSources(4, Pica::registers.tev_stage4);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage4.color_modifier1):
+        SyncTevModifiers(4, Pica::registers.tev_stage4);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage4.color_op):
+        SyncTevOps(4, Pica::registers.tev_stage4);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage4.const_r):
+        SyncTevColor(4, Pica::registers.tev_stage4);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage4.color_scale):
+        SyncTevMultipliers(4, Pica::registers.tev_stage4);
+        break;
+
+    // TEV stage 5
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage5.color_source1):
+        SyncTevSources(5, Pica::registers.tev_stage5);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage5.color_modifier1):
+        SyncTevModifiers(5, Pica::registers.tev_stage5);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage5.color_op):
+        SyncTevOps(5, Pica::registers.tev_stage5);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage5.const_r):
+        SyncTevColor(5, Pica::registers.tev_stage5);
+        break;
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_stage5.color_scale):
+        SyncTevMultipliers(5, Pica::registers.tev_stage5);
+        break;
+    
+    // TEV combiner buffer color
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_combiner_buffer_color):
+        SyncCombinerColor();
+        break;
+
+    // TEV combiner buffer write flags
+    case PICA_REG_INDEX(tev_combiner_buffer_input):
+        SyncCombinerWriteFlags();
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::NotifyPreRead(PAddr addr, u32 size) {
+    if (!Settings::values.use_hw_renderer)
+        return;
+
+    PAddr cur_fb_color_addr = Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetColorBufferPhysicalAddress();
+    u32 cur_fb_color_size = Pica::Regs::BytesPerColorPixel(Pica::registers.framebuffer.color_format)
+                            * Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetWidth() * Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetHeight();
+
+    PAddr cur_fb_depth_addr = Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetDepthBufferPhysicalAddress();
+    u32 cur_fb_depth_size = Pica::Regs::BytesPerDepthPixel(Pica::registers.framebuffer.depth_format)
+                            * Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetWidth() * Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetHeight();
+
+    // If source memory region overlaps 3DS framebuffers, commit them before the copy happens
+    if (MathUtil::IntervalsIntersect(addr, size, cur_fb_color_addr, cur_fb_color_size))
+        CommitColorBuffer();
+
+    if (MathUtil::IntervalsIntersect(addr, size, cur_fb_depth_addr, cur_fb_depth_size))
+        CommitDepthBuffer();
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::NotifyFlush(PAddr addr, u32 size) {
+    if (!Settings::values.use_hw_renderer)
+        return;
+
+    PAddr cur_fb_color_addr = Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetColorBufferPhysicalAddress();
+    u32 cur_fb_color_size = Pica::Regs::BytesPerColorPixel(Pica::registers.framebuffer.color_format)
+                            * Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetWidth() * Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetHeight();
+
+    PAddr cur_fb_depth_addr = Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetDepthBufferPhysicalAddress();
+    u32 cur_fb_depth_size = Pica::Regs::BytesPerDepthPixel(Pica::registers.framebuffer.depth_format)
+                            * Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetWidth() * Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetHeight();
+
+    // If modified memory region overlaps 3DS framebuffers, reload their contents into OpenGL
+    if (MathUtil::IntervalsIntersect(addr, size, cur_fb_color_addr, cur_fb_color_size))
+        ReloadColorBuffer();
+
+    if (MathUtil::IntervalsIntersect(addr, size, cur_fb_depth_addr, cur_fb_depth_size))
+        ReloadDepthBuffer();
+
+    // Notify cache of flush in case the region touches a cached resource
+    res_cache.NotifyFlush(addr, size);
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::ReconfigureColorTexture(TextureInfo& texture, Pica::Regs::ColorFormat format, u32 width, u32 height) {
+    GLint internal_format;
+
+    texture.format = format;
+    texture.width = width;
+    texture.height = height;
+
+    switch (format) {
+    case Pica::Regs::ColorFormat::RGBA8:
+        internal_format = GL_RGBA;
+        texture.gl_format = GL_RGBA;
+        texture.gl_type = GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8;
+        break;
+
+    case Pica::Regs::ColorFormat::RGB8:
+        // This pixel format uses BGR since GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE specifies byte-order, unlike every
+        // specific OpenGL type used in this function using native-endian (that is, little-endian
+        // mostly everywhere) for words or half-words.
+        // TODO: check how those behave on big-endian processors.
+        internal_format = GL_RGB;
+        texture.gl_format = GL_BGR;
+        texture.gl_type = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE;
+        break;
+
+    case Pica::Regs::ColorFormat::RGB5A1:
+        internal_format = GL_RGBA;
+        texture.gl_format = GL_RGBA;
+        texture.gl_type = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1;
+        break;
+
+    case Pica::Regs::ColorFormat::RGB565:
+        internal_format = GL_RGB;
+        texture.gl_format = GL_RGB;
+        texture.gl_type = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5;
+        break;
+
+    case Pica::Regs::ColorFormat::RGBA4:
+        internal_format = GL_RGBA;
+        texture.gl_format = GL_RGBA;
+        texture.gl_type = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4;
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_OpenGL, "Unknown framebuffer texture color format %x", format);
+        UNIMPLEMENTED();
+        break;
+    }
+
+    state.texture_units[0].enabled_2d = true;
+    state.texture_units[0].texture_2d = texture.texture.handle;
+    state.Apply();
+
+    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, internal_format, texture.width, texture.height, 0,
+                 texture.gl_format, texture.gl_type, nullptr);
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::ReconfigureDepthTexture(DepthTextureInfo& texture, Pica::Regs::DepthFormat format, u32 width, u32 height) {
+    GLint internal_format;
+
+    texture.format = format;
+    texture.width = width;
+    texture.height = height;
+
+    switch (format) {
+    case Pica::Regs::DepthFormat::D16:
+        internal_format = GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16;
+        texture.gl_format = GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT;
+        texture.gl_type = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT;
+        break;
+
+    case Pica::Regs::DepthFormat::D24:
+        internal_format = GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24;
+        texture.gl_format = GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT;
+        texture.gl_type = GL_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8;
+        break;
+
+    case Pica::Regs::DepthFormat::D24S8:
+        internal_format = GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8;
+        texture.gl_format = GL_DEPTH_STENCIL;
+        texture.gl_type = GL_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8;
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_OpenGL, "Unknown framebuffer texture depth format %x", format);
+        UNIMPLEMENTED();
+        break;
+    }
+
+    state.texture_units[0].enabled_2d = true;
+    state.texture_units[0].texture_2d = texture.texture.handle;
+    state.Apply();
+
+    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, internal_format, texture.width, texture.height, 0,
+                 texture.gl_format, texture.gl_type, nullptr);
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncFramebuffer() {
+    PAddr cur_fb_color_addr = Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetColorBufferPhysicalAddress();
+    Pica::Regs::ColorFormat new_fb_color_format = Pica::registers.framebuffer.color_format;
+
+    PAddr cur_fb_depth_addr = Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetDepthBufferPhysicalAddress();
+    Pica::Regs::DepthFormat new_fb_depth_format = Pica::registers.framebuffer.depth_format;
+
+    bool fb_size_changed = fb_color_texture.width != Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetWidth() ||
+                           fb_color_texture.height != Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetHeight();
+
+    bool color_fb_prop_changed = fb_color_texture.format != new_fb_color_format ||
+                                 fb_size_changed;
+
+    bool depth_fb_prop_changed = fb_depth_texture.format != new_fb_depth_format ||
+                                 fb_size_changed;
+
+    bool color_fb_modified = last_fb_color_addr != cur_fb_color_addr ||
+                             color_fb_prop_changed;
+
+    bool depth_fb_modified = last_fb_depth_addr != cur_fb_depth_addr ||
+                             depth_fb_prop_changed;
+
+    // Commit if framebuffer modified in any way
+    if (color_fb_modified)
+        CommitColorBuffer();
+
+    if (depth_fb_modified)
+        CommitDepthBuffer();
+
+    // Reconfigure framebuffer textures if any property has changed
+    if (color_fb_prop_changed) {
+        ReconfigureColorTexture(fb_color_texture, new_fb_color_format,
+                                Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetWidth(), Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetHeight());
+    }
+
+    if (depth_fb_prop_changed) {
+        ReconfigureDepthTexture(fb_depth_texture, new_fb_depth_format,
+                                Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetWidth(), Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetHeight());
+
+        // Only attach depth buffer as stencil if it supports stencil
+        switch (new_fb_depth_format) {
+        case Pica::Regs::DepthFormat::D16:
+        case Pica::Regs::DepthFormat::D24:
+            glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0);
+            break;
+
+        case Pica::Regs::DepthFormat::D24S8:
+            glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, fb_depth_texture.texture.handle, 0);
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            LOG_CRITICAL(Render_OpenGL, "Unknown framebuffer depth format %x", new_fb_depth_format);
+            UNIMPLEMENTED();
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Load buffer data again if fb modified in any way
+    if (color_fb_modified) {
+        last_fb_color_addr = cur_fb_color_addr;
+
+        ReloadColorBuffer();
+    }
+
+    if (depth_fb_modified) {
+        last_fb_depth_addr = cur_fb_depth_addr;
+
+        ReloadDepthBuffer();
+    }
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncCullMode() {
+    switch (Pica::registers.cull_mode) {
+    case Pica::Regs::CullMode::KeepAll:
+        state.cull.enabled = false;
+        break;
+
+    case Pica::Regs::CullMode::KeepClockWise:
+        state.cull.enabled = true;
+        state.cull.mode = GL_BACK;
+        break;
+
+    case Pica::Regs::CullMode::KeepCounterClockWise:
+        state.cull.enabled = true;
+        state.cull.mode = GL_FRONT;
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_OpenGL, "Unknown cull mode %d", Pica::registers.cull_mode.Value());
+        UNIMPLEMENTED();
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncBlendEnabled() {
+    state.blend.enabled = Pica::registers.output_merger.alphablend_enable;
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncBlendFuncs() {
+    state.blend.src_rgb_func = PicaToGL::BlendFunc(Pica::registers.output_merger.alpha_blending.factor_source_rgb);
+    state.blend.dst_rgb_func = PicaToGL::BlendFunc(Pica::registers.output_merger.alpha_blending.factor_dest_rgb);
+    state.blend.src_a_func = PicaToGL::BlendFunc(Pica::registers.output_merger.alpha_blending.factor_source_a);
+    state.blend.dst_a_func = PicaToGL::BlendFunc(Pica::registers.output_merger.alpha_blending.factor_dest_a);
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncBlendColor() {
+    auto blend_color = PicaToGL::ColorRGBA8((u8*)&Pica::registers.output_merger.blend_const.r);
+    state.blend.color.red = blend_color[0];
+    state.blend.color.green = blend_color[1];
+    state.blend.color.blue = blend_color[2];
+    state.blend.color.alpha = blend_color[3];
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncAlphaTest() {
+    glUniform1i(uniform_alphatest_enabled, Pica::registers.output_merger.alpha_test.enable);
+    glUniform1i(uniform_alphatest_func, Pica::registers.output_merger.alpha_test.func);
+    glUniform1f(uniform_alphatest_ref, Pica::registers.output_merger.alpha_test.ref / 255.0f);
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncStencilTest() {
+    // TODO: Implement stencil test, mask, and op
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncDepthTest() {
+    state.depth.test_enabled = Pica::registers.output_merger.depth_test_enable;
+    state.depth.test_func = PicaToGL::CompareFunc(Pica::registers.output_merger.depth_test_func);
+    state.depth.write_mask = Pica::registers.output_merger.depth_write_enable ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE;
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncTevSources(unsigned stage_index, const Pica::Regs::TevStageConfig& config) {
+    GLint color_srcs[3] = { (GLint)config.color_source1.Value(),
+                            (GLint)config.color_source2.Value(),
+                            (GLint)config.color_source3.Value() };
+    GLint alpha_srcs[3] = { (GLint)config.alpha_source1.Value(),
+                            (GLint)config.alpha_source2.Value(),
+                            (GLint)config.alpha_source3.Value() };
+
+    glUniform3iv(uniform_tev_cfgs[stage_index].color_sources, 1, color_srcs);
+    glUniform3iv(uniform_tev_cfgs[stage_index].alpha_sources, 1, alpha_srcs);
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncTevModifiers(unsigned stage_index, const Pica::Regs::TevStageConfig& config) {
+    GLint color_mods[3] = { (GLint)config.color_modifier1.Value(),
+                            (GLint)config.color_modifier2.Value(),
+                            (GLint)config.color_modifier3.Value() };
+    GLint alpha_mods[3] = { (GLint)config.alpha_modifier1.Value(),
+                            (GLint)config.alpha_modifier2.Value(),
+                            (GLint)config.alpha_modifier3.Value() };
+
+    glUniform3iv(uniform_tev_cfgs[stage_index].color_modifiers, 1, color_mods);
+    glUniform3iv(uniform_tev_cfgs[stage_index].alpha_modifiers, 1, alpha_mods);
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncTevOps(unsigned stage_index, const Pica::Regs::TevStageConfig& config) {
+    glUniform2i(uniform_tev_cfgs[stage_index].color_alpha_op, (GLint)config.color_op.Value(), (GLint)config.alpha_op.Value());
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncTevColor(unsigned stage_index, const Pica::Regs::TevStageConfig& config) {
+    auto const_color = PicaToGL::ColorRGBA8((u8*)&config.const_r);
+    glUniform4fv(uniform_tev_cfgs[stage_index].const_color, 1, const_color.data());
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncTevMultipliers(unsigned stage_index, const Pica::Regs::TevStageConfig& config) {
+    glUniform2i(uniform_tev_cfgs[stage_index].color_alpha_multiplier, config.GetColorMultiplier(), config.GetAlphaMultiplier());
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncCombinerColor() {
+    auto combiner_color = PicaToGL::ColorRGBA8((u8*)&Pica::registers.tev_combiner_buffer_color.r);
+    glUniform4fv(uniform_tev_combiner_buffer_color, 1, combiner_color.data());
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncCombinerWriteFlags() {
+    const auto tev_stages = Pica::registers.GetTevStages();
+    for (unsigned tev_stage_index = 0; tev_stage_index < tev_stages.size(); ++tev_stage_index) {
+        glUniform2i(uniform_tev_cfgs[tev_stage_index].updates_combiner_buffer_color_alpha,
+                    Pica::registers.tev_combiner_buffer_input.TevStageUpdatesCombinerBufferColor(tev_stage_index),
+                    Pica::registers.tev_combiner_buffer_input.TevStageUpdatesCombinerBufferAlpha(tev_stage_index));
+    }
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncDrawState() {
+    // Sync the viewport
+    GLsizei viewport_width = (GLsizei)Pica::float24::FromRawFloat24(Pica::registers.viewport_size_x).ToFloat32() * 2;
+    GLsizei viewport_height = (GLsizei)Pica::float24::FromRawFloat24(Pica::registers.viewport_size_y).ToFloat32() * 2;
+
+    // OpenGL uses different y coordinates, so negate corner offset and flip origin
+    // TODO: Ensure viewport_corner.x should not be negated or origin flipped
+    // TODO: Use floating-point viewports for accuracy if supported
+    glViewport((GLsizei)static_cast<float>(Pica::registers.viewport_corner.x),
+                -(GLsizei)static_cast<float>(Pica::registers.viewport_corner.y)
+                    + Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetHeight() - viewport_height,
+                viewport_width, viewport_height);
+
+    // Sync bound texture(s), upload if not cached
+    const auto pica_textures = Pica::registers.GetTextures();
+    for (unsigned texture_index = 0; texture_index < pica_textures.size(); ++texture_index) {
+        const auto& texture = pica_textures[texture_index];
+
+        if (texture.enabled) {
+            state.texture_units[texture_index].enabled_2d = true;
+            res_cache.LoadAndBindTexture(state, texture_index, texture);
+        } else {
+            state.texture_units[texture_index].enabled_2d = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Skip processing TEV stages that simply pass the previous stage results through
+    const auto tev_stages = Pica::registers.GetTevStages();
+    for (unsigned tev_stage_index = 0; tev_stage_index < tev_stages.size(); ++tev_stage_index) {
+        glUniform1i(uniform_tev_cfgs[tev_stage_index].enabled, !IsPassThroughTevStage(tev_stages[tev_stage_index]));
+    }
+
+    state.Apply();
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::ReloadColorBuffer() {
+    u8* color_buffer = Memory::GetPhysicalPointer(Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetColorBufferPhysicalAddress());
+
+    if (color_buffer == nullptr)
+        return;
+
+    u32 bytes_per_pixel = Pica::Regs::BytesPerColorPixel(fb_color_texture.format);
+
+    std::unique_ptr<u8[]> temp_fb_color_buffer(new u8[fb_color_texture.width * fb_color_texture.height * bytes_per_pixel]);
+
+    // Directly copy pixels. Internal OpenGL color formats are consistent so no conversion is necessary.
+    for (int y = 0; y < fb_color_texture.height; ++y) {
+        for (int x = 0; x < fb_color_texture.width; ++x) {
+            const u32 coarse_y = y & ~7;
+            u32 dst_offset = VideoCore::GetMortonOffset(x, y, bytes_per_pixel) + coarse_y * fb_color_texture.width * bytes_per_pixel;
+            u32 gl_px_idx = x * bytes_per_pixel + y * fb_color_texture.width * bytes_per_pixel;
+
+            u8* pixel = color_buffer + dst_offset;
+            memcpy(&temp_fb_color_buffer[gl_px_idx], pixel, bytes_per_pixel);
+        }
+    }
+
+    state.texture_units[0].enabled_2d = true;
+    state.texture_units[0].texture_2d = fb_color_texture.texture.handle;
+    state.Apply();
+
+    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+    glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, fb_color_texture.width, fb_color_texture.height,
+                    fb_color_texture.gl_format, fb_color_texture.gl_type, temp_fb_color_buffer.get());
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::ReloadDepthBuffer() {
+    // TODO: Appears to work, but double-check endianness of depth values and order of depth-stencil
+    u8* depth_buffer = Memory::GetPhysicalPointer(Pica::registers.framebuffer.GetDepthBufferPhysicalAddress());
+
+    if (depth_buffer == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    u32 bytes_per_pixel = Pica::Regs::BytesPerDepthPixel(fb_depth_texture.format);
+
+    // OpenGL needs 4 bpp alignment for D24
+    u32 gl_bpp = bytes_per_pixel == 3 ? 4 : bytes_per_pixel;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<u8[]> temp_fb_depth_buffer(new u8[fb_depth_texture.width * fb_depth_texture.height * gl_bpp]);
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < fb_depth_texture.height; ++y) {
+        for (int x = 0; x < fb_depth_texture.width; ++x) {
+            const u32 coarse_y = y & ~7;
+            u32 dst_offset = VideoCore::GetMortonOffset(x, y, bytes_per_pixel) + coarse_y * fb_depth_texture.width * bytes_per_pixel;
+            u32 gl_px_idx = x + y * fb_depth_texture.width;
+
+            switch (fb_depth_texture.format) {
+            case Pica::Regs::DepthFormat::D16:
+                ((u16*)temp_fb_depth_buffer.get())[gl_px_idx] = Color::DecodeD16(depth_buffer + dst_offset);
+                break;
+            case Pica::Regs::DepthFormat::D24:
+                ((u32*)temp_fb_depth_buffer.get())[gl_px_idx] = Color::DecodeD24(depth_buffer + dst_offset);
+                break;
+            case Pica::Regs::DepthFormat::D24S8:
+            {
+                Math::Vec2<u32> depth_stencil = Color::DecodeD24S8(depth_buffer + dst_offset);
+                ((u32*)temp_fb_depth_buffer.get())[gl_px_idx] = (depth_stencil.x << 8) | depth_stencil.y;
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+                LOG_CRITICAL(Render_OpenGL, "Unknown memory framebuffer depth format %x", fb_depth_texture.format);
+                UNIMPLEMENTED();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    state.texture_units[0].enabled_2d = true;
+    state.texture_units[0].texture_2d = fb_depth_texture.texture.handle;
+    state.Apply();
+
+    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+    glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, fb_depth_texture.width, fb_depth_texture.height,
+                    fb_depth_texture.gl_format, fb_depth_texture.gl_type, temp_fb_depth_buffer.get());
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::CommitColorBuffer() {
+    if (last_fb_color_addr != 0) {
+        u8* color_buffer = Memory::GetPhysicalPointer(last_fb_color_addr);
+
+        if (color_buffer != nullptr) {
+            u32 bytes_per_pixel = Pica::Regs::BytesPerColorPixel(fb_color_texture.format);
+
+            std::unique_ptr<u8[]> temp_gl_color_buffer(new u8[fb_color_texture.width * fb_color_texture.height * bytes_per_pixel]);
+
+            state.texture_units[0].enabled_2d = true;
+            state.texture_units[0].texture_2d = fb_color_texture.texture.handle;
+            state.Apply();
+
+            glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+            glGetTexImage(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, fb_color_texture.gl_format, fb_color_texture.gl_type, temp_gl_color_buffer.get());
+
+            // Directly copy pixels. Internal OpenGL color formats are consistent so no conversion is necessary.
+            for (int y = 0; y < fb_color_texture.height; ++y) {
+                for (int x = 0; x < fb_color_texture.width; ++x) {
+                    const u32 coarse_y = y & ~7;
+                    u32 dst_offset = VideoCore::GetMortonOffset(x, y, bytes_per_pixel) + coarse_y * fb_color_texture.width * bytes_per_pixel;
+                    u32 gl_px_idx = x * bytes_per_pixel + y * fb_color_texture.width * bytes_per_pixel;
+
+                    u8* pixel = color_buffer + dst_offset;
+                    memcpy(pixel, &temp_gl_color_buffer[gl_px_idx], bytes_per_pixel);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::CommitDepthBuffer() {
+    if (last_fb_depth_addr != 0) {
+        // TODO: Output seems correct visually, but doesn't quite match sw renderer output. One of them is wrong.
+        u8* depth_buffer = Memory::GetPhysicalPointer(last_fb_depth_addr);
+
+        if (depth_buffer != nullptr) {
+            u32 bytes_per_pixel = Pica::Regs::BytesPerDepthPixel(fb_depth_texture.format);
+
+            // OpenGL needs 4 bpp alignment for D24
+            u32 gl_bpp = bytes_per_pixel == 3 ? 4 : bytes_per_pixel;
+
+            std::unique_ptr<u8[]> temp_gl_depth_buffer(new u8[fb_depth_texture.width * fb_depth_texture.height * gl_bpp]);
+
+            state.texture_units[0].enabled_2d = true;
+            state.texture_units[0].texture_2d = fb_depth_texture.texture.handle;
+            state.Apply();
+
+            glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+            glGetTexImage(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, fb_depth_texture.gl_format, fb_depth_texture.gl_type, temp_gl_depth_buffer.get());
+
+            for (int y = 0; y < fb_depth_texture.height; ++y) {
+                for (int x = 0; x < fb_depth_texture.width; ++x) {
+                    const u32 coarse_y = y & ~7;
+                    u32 dst_offset = VideoCore::GetMortonOffset(x, y, bytes_per_pixel) + coarse_y * fb_depth_texture.width * bytes_per_pixel;
+                    u32 gl_px_idx = x + y * fb_depth_texture.width;
+
+                    switch (fb_depth_texture.format) {
+                    case Pica::Regs::DepthFormat::D16:
+                        Color::EncodeD16(((u16*)temp_gl_depth_buffer.get())[gl_px_idx], depth_buffer + dst_offset);
+                        break;
+                    case Pica::Regs::DepthFormat::D24:
+                        Color::EncodeD24(((u32*)temp_gl_depth_buffer.get())[gl_px_idx], depth_buffer + dst_offset);
+                        break;
+                    case Pica::Regs::DepthFormat::D24S8:
+                    {
+                        u32 depth_stencil = ((u32*)temp_gl_depth_buffer.get())[gl_px_idx];
+                        Color::EncodeD24S8((depth_stencil >> 8), depth_stencil & 0xFF, depth_buffer + dst_offset);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    default:
+                        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_OpenGL, "Unknown framebuffer depth format %x", fb_depth_texture.format);
+                        UNIMPLEMENTED();
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Citra Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "video_core/hwrasterizer_base.h"
+
+#include "gl_state.h"
+#include "gl_rasterizer_cache.h"
+
+class RasterizerOpenGL : public HWRasterizer {
+public:
+
+    RasterizerOpenGL();
+    ~RasterizerOpenGL() override;
+
+    /// Initialize API-specific GPU objects
+    void InitObjects() override;
+
+    /// Reset the rasterizer, such as flushing all caches and updating all state
+    void Reset() override;
+
+    /// Queues the primitive formed by the given vertices for rendering
+    void AddTriangle(const Pica::VertexShader::OutputVertex& v0,
+                     const Pica::VertexShader::OutputVertex& v1,
+                     const Pica::VertexShader::OutputVertex& v2) override;
+
+    /// Draw the current batch of triangles
+    void DrawTriangles() override;
+
+    /// Commit the rasterizer's framebuffer contents immediately to the current 3DS memory framebuffer
+    void CommitFramebuffer() override;
+
+    /// Notify rasterizer that the specified PICA register has been changed
+    void NotifyPicaRegisterChanged(u32 id) override;
+
+    /// Notify rasterizer that the specified 3DS memory region will be read from after this notification
+    void NotifyPreRead(PAddr addr, u32 size) override;
+
+    /// Notify rasterizer that a 3DS memory region has been changed
+    void NotifyFlush(PAddr addr, u32 size) override;
+
+private:
+    /// Structure used for managing texture environment states
+    struct TEVConfigUniforms {
+        GLuint enabled;
+        GLuint color_sources;
+        GLuint alpha_sources;
+        GLuint color_modifiers;
+        GLuint alpha_modifiers;
+        GLuint color_alpha_op;
+        GLuint color_alpha_multiplier;
+        GLuint const_color;
+        GLuint updates_combiner_buffer_color_alpha;
+    };
+
+    /// Structure used for storing information about color textures
+    struct TextureInfo {
+        OGLTexture texture;
+        GLsizei width;
+        GLsizei height;
+        Pica::Regs::ColorFormat format;
+        GLenum gl_format;
+        GLenum gl_type;
+    };
+
+    /// Structure used for storing information about depth textures
+    struct DepthTextureInfo {
+        OGLTexture texture;
+        GLsizei width;
+        GLsizei height;
+        Pica::Regs::DepthFormat format;
+        GLenum gl_format;
+        GLenum gl_type;
+    };
+
+    /// Structure that the hardware rendered vertices are composed of
+    struct HardwareVertex {
+        HardwareVertex(const Pica::VertexShader::OutputVertex& v) {
+            position[0] = v.pos.x.ToFloat32();
+            position[1] = v.pos.y.ToFloat32();
+            position[2] = v.pos.z.ToFloat32();
+            position[3] = v.pos.w.ToFloat32();
+            color[0] = v.color.x.ToFloat32();
+            color[1] = v.color.y.ToFloat32();
+            color[2] = v.color.z.ToFloat32();
+            color[3] = v.color.w.ToFloat32();
+            tex_coord0[0] = v.tc0.x.ToFloat32();
+            tex_coord0[1] = v.tc0.y.ToFloat32();
+            tex_coord1[0] = v.tc1.x.ToFloat32();
+            tex_coord1[1] = v.tc1.y.ToFloat32();
+            tex_coord2[0] = v.tc2.x.ToFloat32();
+            tex_coord2[1] = v.tc2.y.ToFloat32();
+        }
+
+        GLfloat position[4];
+        GLfloat color[4];
+        GLfloat tex_coord0[2];
+        GLfloat tex_coord1[2];
+        GLfloat tex_coord2[2];
+    };
+
+    /// Reconfigure the OpenGL color texture to use the given format and dimensions
+    void ReconfigureColorTexture(TextureInfo& texture, Pica::Regs::ColorFormat format, u32 width, u32 height);
+
+    /// Reconfigure the OpenGL depth texture to use the given format and dimensions
+    void ReconfigureDepthTexture(DepthTextureInfo& texture, Pica::Regs::DepthFormat format, u32 width, u32 height);
+
+    /// Syncs the state and contents of the OpenGL framebuffer to match the current PICA framebuffer
+    void SyncFramebuffer();
+
+    /// Syncs the cull mode to match the PICA register
+    void SyncCullMode();
+
+    /// Syncs the blend enabled status to match the PICA register
+    void SyncBlendEnabled();
+
+    /// Syncs the blend functions to match the PICA register
+    void SyncBlendFuncs();
+
+    /// Syncs the blend color to match the PICA register
+    void SyncBlendColor();
+
+    /// Syncs the alpha test states to match the PICA register
+    void SyncAlphaTest();
+
+    /// Syncs the stencil test states to match the PICA register
+    void SyncStencilTest();
+
+    /// Syncs the depth test states to match the PICA register
+    void SyncDepthTest();
+
+    /// Syncs the specified TEV stage's color and alpha sources to match the PICA register
+    void SyncTevSources(unsigned stage_index, const Pica::Regs::TevStageConfig& config);
+
+    /// Syncs the specified TEV stage's color and alpha modifiers to match the PICA register
+    void SyncTevModifiers(unsigned stage_index, const Pica::Regs::TevStageConfig& config);
+
+    /// Syncs the specified TEV stage's color and alpha combiner operations to match the PICA register
+    void SyncTevOps(unsigned stage_index, const Pica::Regs::TevStageConfig& config);
+
+    /// Syncs the specified TEV stage's constant color to match the PICA register
+    void SyncTevColor(unsigned stage_index, const Pica::Regs::TevStageConfig& config);
+
+    /// Syncs the specified TEV stage's color and alpha multipliers to match the PICA register
+    void SyncTevMultipliers(unsigned stage_index, const Pica::Regs::TevStageConfig& config);
+
+    /// Syncs the TEV combiner color buffer to match the PICA register
+    void SyncCombinerColor();
+
+    /// Syncs the TEV combiner write flags to match the PICA register
+    void SyncCombinerWriteFlags();
+
+    /// Syncs the remaining OpenGL drawing state to match the current PICA state
+    void SyncDrawState();
+
+    /// Copies the 3DS color framebuffer into the OpenGL color framebuffer texture
+    void ReloadColorBuffer();
+
+    /// Copies the 3DS depth framebuffer into the OpenGL depth framebuffer texture
+    void ReloadDepthBuffer();
+
+    /**
+     * Save the current OpenGL color framebuffer to the current PICA framebuffer in 3DS memory
+     * Loads the OpenGL framebuffer textures into temporary buffers
+     * Then copies into the 3DS framebuffer using proper Morton order
+     */
+    void CommitColorBuffer();
+
+    /**
+     * Save the current OpenGL depth framebuffer to the current PICA framebuffer in 3DS memory
+     * Loads the OpenGL framebuffer textures into temporary buffers
+     * Then copies into the 3DS framebuffer using proper Morton order
+     */
+    void CommitDepthBuffer();
+
+    RasterizerCacheOpenGL res_cache;
+
+    std::vector<HardwareVertex> vertex_batch;
+
+    OpenGLState state;
+
+    PAddr last_fb_color_addr;
+    PAddr last_fb_depth_addr;
+
+    // Hardware rasterizer
+    TextureInfo fb_color_texture;
+    DepthTextureInfo fb_depth_texture;
+    OGLShader shader;
+    OGLVertexArray vertex_array;
+    OGLBuffer vertex_buffer;
+    OGLFramebuffer framebuffer;
+
+    // Hardware vertex shader
+    GLuint attrib_position;
+    GLuint attrib_color;
+    GLuint attrib_texcoords;
+
+    // Hardware fragment shader
+    GLuint uniform_alphatest_enabled;
+    GLuint uniform_alphatest_func;
+    GLuint uniform_alphatest_ref;
+    GLuint uniform_tex;
+    GLuint uniform_tev_combiner_buffer_color;
+    TEVConfigUniforms uniform_tev_cfgs[6];
+};

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Citra Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include "common/make_unique.h"
+#include "common/math_util.h"
+
+#include "core/memory.h"
+
+#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/pica_to_gl.h"
+#include "video_core/debug_utils/debug_utils.h"
+#include "video_core/math.h"
+
+RasterizerCacheOpenGL::~RasterizerCacheOpenGL() {
+    FullFlush();
+}
+
+void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::LoadAndBindTexture(OpenGLState &state, unsigned texture_unit, const Pica::Regs::FullTextureConfig& config) {
+    PAddr texture_addr = config.config.GetPhysicalAddress();
+
+    const auto cached_texture = texture_cache.find(texture_addr);
+
+    if (cached_texture != texture_cache.end()) {
+        state.texture_units[texture_unit].texture_2d = cached_texture->second->texture.handle;
+        state.Apply();
+    } else {
+        std::unique_ptr<CachedTexture> new_texture = Common::make_unique<CachedTexture>();
+
+        new_texture->texture.Create();
+        state.texture_units[texture_unit].texture_2d = new_texture->texture.handle;
+        state.Apply();
+
+        // TODO: Need to choose filters that correspond to PICA once register is declared
+        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+
+        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, PicaToGL::WrapMode(config.config.wrap_s));
+        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, PicaToGL::WrapMode(config.config.wrap_t));
+
+        const auto info = Pica::DebugUtils::TextureInfo::FromPicaRegister(config.config, config.format);
+
+        new_texture->width = info.width;
+        new_texture->height = info.height;
+        new_texture->size = info.width * info.height * Pica::Regs::NibblesPerPixel(info.format);
+
+        u8* texture_src_data = Memory::GetPhysicalPointer(texture_addr);
+        std::unique_ptr<Math::Vec4<u8>[]> temp_texture_buffer_rgba(new Math::Vec4<u8>[info.width * info.height]);
+
+        for (int y = 0; y < info.height; ++y) {
+            for (int x = 0; x < info.width; ++x) {
+                temp_texture_buffer_rgba[x + info.width * y] = Pica::DebugUtils::LookupTexture(texture_src_data, x, info.height - 1 - y, info);
+            }
+        }
+
+        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, info.width, info.height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, temp_texture_buffer_rgba.get());
+
+        texture_cache.emplace(texture_addr, std::move(new_texture));
+    }
+}
+
+void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::NotifyFlush(PAddr addr, u32 size) {
+    // Flush any texture that falls in the flushed region
+    // TODO: Optimize by also inserting upper bound (addr + size) of each texture into the same map and also narrow using lower_bound
+    auto cache_upper_bound = texture_cache.upper_bound(addr + size);
+    for (auto it = texture_cache.begin(); it != cache_upper_bound;) {
+        if (MathUtil::IntervalsIntersect(addr, size, it->first, it->second->size)) {
+            it = texture_cache.erase(it);
+        } else {
+            ++it;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::FullFlush() {
+    texture_cache.clear();
+}

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.h

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Citra Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "gl_state.h"
+#include "gl_resource_manager.h"
+#include "video_core/pica.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <map>
+
+class RasterizerCacheOpenGL : NonCopyable {
+public:
+    ~RasterizerCacheOpenGL();
+
+    /// Loads a texture from 3DS memory to OpenGL and caches it (if not already cached)
+    void LoadAndBindTexture(OpenGLState &state, unsigned texture_unit, const Pica::Regs::FullTextureConfig& config);
+
+    /// Flush any cached resource that touches the flushed region
+    void NotifyFlush(PAddr addr, u32 size);
+
+    /// Flush all cached OpenGL resources tracked by this cache manager
+    void FullFlush();
+
+private:
+    struct CachedTexture {
+        OGLTexture texture;
+        GLuint width;
+        GLuint height;
+        u32 size;
+    };
+
+    std::map<PAddr, std::unique_ptr<CachedTexture>> texture_cache;
+};

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Citra Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_util.h"
+
+// Textures
+OGLTexture::OGLTexture() : handle(0) {
+}
+
+OGLTexture::~OGLTexture() {
+    Release();
+}
+
+void OGLTexture::Create() {
+    if (handle != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    glGenTextures(1, &handle);
+}
+
+void OGLTexture::Release() {
+    glDeleteTextures(1, &handle);
+    handle = 0;
+}
+
+// Shaders
+OGLShader::OGLShader() : handle(0) {
+}
+
+OGLShader::~OGLShader() {
+    Release();
+}
+
+void OGLShader::Create(const char* vert_shader, const char* frag_shader) {
+    if (handle != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    handle = ShaderUtil::LoadShaders(vert_shader, frag_shader);
+}
+
+void OGLShader::Release() {
+    glDeleteProgram(handle);
+    handle = 0;
+}
+
+// Buffer objects
+OGLBuffer::OGLBuffer() : handle(0) {
+}
+
+OGLBuffer::~OGLBuffer() {
+    Release();
+}
+
+void OGLBuffer::Create() {
+    if (handle != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    glGenBuffers(1, &handle);
+}
+
+void OGLBuffer::Release() {
+    glDeleteBuffers(1, &handle);
+    handle = 0;
+}
+
+// Vertex array objects
+OGLVertexArray::OGLVertexArray() : handle(0) {
+}
+
+OGLVertexArray::~OGLVertexArray() {
+    Release();
+}
+
+void OGLVertexArray::Create() {
+    if (handle != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    glGenVertexArrays(1, &handle);
+}
+
+void OGLVertexArray::Release() {
+    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &handle);
+    handle = 0;
+}
+
+// Framebuffers
+OGLFramebuffer::OGLFramebuffer() : handle(0) {
+}
+
+OGLFramebuffer::~OGLFramebuffer() {
+    Release();
+}
+
+void OGLFramebuffer::Create() {
+    if (handle != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    glGenFramebuffers(1, &handle);
+}
+
+void OGLFramebuffer::Release() {
+    glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &handle);
+    handle = 0;
+}

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Citra Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+#include "generated/gl_3_2_core.h"
+
+class OGLTexture : public NonCopyable {
+public:
+    OGLTexture();
+    ~OGLTexture();
+
+    /// Creates a new internal OpenGL resource and stores the handle
+    void Create();
+
+    /// Deletes the internal OpenGL resource
+    void Release();
+
+    GLuint handle;
+};
+
+class OGLShader : public NonCopyable {
+public:
+    OGLShader();
+    ~OGLShader();
+
+    /// Creates a new internal OpenGL resource and stores the handle
+    void Create(const char* vert_shader, const char* frag_shader);
+
+    /// Deletes the internal OpenGL resource
+    void Release();
+
+    GLuint handle;
+};
+
+class OGLBuffer : public NonCopyable {
+public:
+    OGLBuffer();
+    ~OGLBuffer();
+
+    /// Creates a new internal OpenGL resource and stores the handle
+    void Create();
+
+    /// Deletes the internal OpenGL resource
+    void Release();
+
+    GLuint handle;
+};
+
+class OGLVertexArray : public NonCopyable {
+public:
+    OGLVertexArray();
+    ~OGLVertexArray();
+
+    /// Creates a new internal OpenGL resource and stores the handle
+    void Create();
+
+    /// Deletes the internal OpenGL resource
+    void Release();
+
+    GLuint handle;
+};
+
+class OGLFramebuffer : public NonCopyable {
+public:
+    OGLFramebuffer();
+    ~OGLFramebuffer();
+
+    /// Creates a new internal OpenGL resource and stores the handle
+    void Create();
+
+    /// Deletes the internal OpenGL resource
+    void Release();
+
+    GLuint handle;
+};

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shaders.h

@@ -42,4 +42,292 @@ void main() {
 }
 )";
 
+const char g_vertex_shader_hw[] = R"(
+#version 150 core
+
+#define NUM_VTX_ATTR 7
+
+in vec4 vert_position;
+in vec4 vert_color;
+in vec2 vert_texcoords[3];
+
+out vec4 o[NUM_VTX_ATTR];
+
+void main() {
+    o[2] = vert_color;
+    o[3] = vec4(vert_texcoords[0].xy, vert_texcoords[1].xy);
+    o[5] = vec4(0.0, 0.0, vert_texcoords[2].xy);
+
+    gl_Position = vec4(vert_position.x, -vert_position.y, -vert_position.z, vert_position.w);
+}
+)";
+
+// TODO: Create a shader constructor and cache that builds this program with minimal conditionals instead of using tev_cfg uniforms
+const char g_fragment_shader_hw[] = R"(
+#version 150 core
+
+#define NUM_VTX_ATTR 7
+#define NUM_TEV_STAGES 6
+
+#define SOURCE_PRIMARYCOLOR         0x0
+#define SOURCE_PRIMARYFRAGMENTCOLOR 0x1
+#define SOURCE_TEXTURE0             0x3
+#define SOURCE_TEXTURE1             0x4
+#define SOURCE_TEXTURE2             0x5
+#define SOURCE_TEXTURE3             0x6
+#define SOURCE_PREVIOUSBUFFER       0xd
+#define SOURCE_CONSTANT             0xe
+#define SOURCE_PREVIOUS             0xf
+
+#define COLORMODIFIER_SOURCECOLOR         0x0
+#define COLORMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCECOLOR 0x1
+#define COLORMODIFIER_SOURCEALPHA         0x2
+#define COLORMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCEALPHA 0x3
+#define COLORMODIFIER_SOURCERED           0x4
+#define COLORMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCERED   0x5
+#define COLORMODIFIER_SOURCEGREEN         0x8
+#define COLORMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCEGREEN 0x9
+#define COLORMODIFIER_SOURCEBLUE          0xc
+#define COLORMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCEBLUE  0xd
+
+#define ALPHAMODIFIER_SOURCEALPHA         0x0
+#define ALPHAMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCEALPHA 0x1
+#define ALPHAMODIFIER_SOURCERED           0x2
+#define ALPHAMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCERED   0x3
+#define ALPHAMODIFIER_SOURCEGREEN         0x4
+#define ALPHAMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCEGREEN 0x5
+#define ALPHAMODIFIER_SOURCEBLUE          0x6
+#define ALPHAMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCEBLUE  0x7
+
+#define OPERATION_REPLACE         0
+#define OPERATION_MODULATE        1
+#define OPERATION_ADD             2
+#define OPERATION_ADDSIGNED       3
+#define OPERATION_LERP            4
+#define OPERATION_SUBTRACT        5
+#define OPERATION_MULTIPLYTHENADD 8
+#define OPERATION_ADDTHENMULTIPLY 9
+
+#define COMPAREFUNC_NEVER              0
+#define COMPAREFUNC_ALWAYS             1
+#define COMPAREFUNC_EQUAL              2
+#define COMPAREFUNC_NOTEQUAL           3
+#define COMPAREFUNC_LESSTHAN           4
+#define COMPAREFUNC_LESSTHANOREQUAL    5
+#define COMPAREFUNC_GREATERTHAN        6
+#define COMPAREFUNC_GREATERTHANOREQUAL 7
+
+in vec4 o[NUM_VTX_ATTR];
+out vec4 color;
+
+uniform bool alphatest_enabled;
+uniform int alphatest_func;
+uniform float alphatest_ref;
+
+uniform sampler2D tex[3];
+
+uniform vec4 tev_combiner_buffer_color;
+
+struct TEVConfig
+{
+    bool enabled;
+    ivec3 color_sources;
+    ivec3 alpha_sources;
+    ivec3 color_modifiers;
+    ivec3 alpha_modifiers;
+    ivec2 color_alpha_op;
+    ivec2 color_alpha_multiplier;
+    vec4 const_color;
+    bvec2 updates_combiner_buffer_color_alpha;
+};
+
+uniform TEVConfig tev_cfgs[NUM_TEV_STAGES];
+
+vec4 g_combiner_buffer;
+vec4 g_last_tex_env_out;
+vec4 g_const_color;
+
+vec4 GetSource(int source) {
+    if (source == SOURCE_PRIMARYCOLOR) {
+        return o[2];
+    } else if (source == SOURCE_PRIMARYFRAGMENTCOLOR) {
+        // HACK: Uses color value, but should really use fragment lighting output
+        return o[2];
+    } else if (source == SOURCE_TEXTURE0) {
+        return texture(tex[0], o[3].xy);
+    } else if (source == SOURCE_TEXTURE1) {
+        return texture(tex[1], o[3].zw);
+    } else if (source == SOURCE_TEXTURE2) {
+        // TODO: Unverified
+        return texture(tex[2], o[5].zw);
+    } else if (source == SOURCE_TEXTURE3) {
+        // TODO: no 4th texture?
+    } else if (source == SOURCE_PREVIOUSBUFFER) {
+        return g_combiner_buffer;
+    } else if (source == SOURCE_CONSTANT) {
+        return g_const_color;
+    } else if (source == SOURCE_PREVIOUS) {
+        return g_last_tex_env_out;
+    }
+
+    return vec4(0.0);
+}
+
+vec3 GetColorModifier(int factor, vec4 color) {
+    if (factor == COLORMODIFIER_SOURCECOLOR) {
+        return color.rgb;
+    } else if (factor == COLORMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCECOLOR) {
+        return vec3(1.0) - color.rgb;
+    } else if (factor == COLORMODIFIER_SOURCEALPHA) {
+        return color.aaa;
+    } else if (factor == COLORMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCEALPHA) {
+        return vec3(1.0) - color.aaa;
+    } else if (factor == COLORMODIFIER_SOURCERED) {
+        return color.rrr;
+    } else if (factor == COLORMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCERED) {
+        return vec3(1.0) - color.rrr;
+    } else if (factor == COLORMODIFIER_SOURCEGREEN) {
+        return color.ggg;
+    } else if (factor == COLORMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCEGREEN) {
+        return vec3(1.0) - color.ggg;
+    } else if (factor == COLORMODIFIER_SOURCEBLUE) {
+        return color.bbb;
+    } else if (factor == COLORMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCEBLUE) {
+        return vec3(1.0) - color.bbb;
+    }
+
+    return vec3(0.0);
+}
+
+float GetAlphaModifier(int factor, vec4 color) {
+    if (factor == ALPHAMODIFIER_SOURCEALPHA) {
+        return color.a;
+    } else if (factor == ALPHAMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCEALPHA) {
+        return 1.0 - color.a;
+    } else if (factor == ALPHAMODIFIER_SOURCERED) {
+        return color.r;
+    } else if (factor == ALPHAMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCERED) {
+        return 1.0 - color.r;
+    } else if (factor == ALPHAMODIFIER_SOURCEGREEN) {
+        return color.g;
+    } else if (factor == ALPHAMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCEGREEN) {
+        return 1.0 - color.g;
+    } else if (factor == ALPHAMODIFIER_SOURCEBLUE) {
+        return color.b;
+    } else if (factor == ALPHAMODIFIER_ONEMINUSSOURCEBLUE) {
+        return 1.0 - color.b;
+    }
+
+    return 0.0;
+}
+
+vec3 ColorCombine(int op, vec3 color[3]) {
+    if (op == OPERATION_REPLACE) {
+        return color[0];
+    } else if (op == OPERATION_MODULATE) {
+        return color[0] * color[1];
+    } else if (op == OPERATION_ADD) {
+        return min(color[0] + color[1], 1.0);
+    } else if (op == OPERATION_ADDSIGNED) {
+        return clamp(color[0] + color[1] - vec3(0.5), 0.0, 1.0);
+    } else if (op == OPERATION_LERP) {
+        return color[0] * color[2] + color[1] * (vec3(1.0) - color[2]);
+    } else if (op == OPERATION_SUBTRACT) {
+        return max(color[0] - color[1], 0.0);
+    } else if (op == OPERATION_MULTIPLYTHENADD) {
+        return min(color[0] * color[1] + color[2], 1.0);
+    } else if (op == OPERATION_ADDTHENMULTIPLY) {
+        return min(color[0] + color[1], 1.0) * color[2];
+    }
+
+    return vec3(0.0);
+}
+
+float AlphaCombine(int op, float alpha[3]) {
+    if (op == OPERATION_REPLACE) {
+        return alpha[0];
+    } else if (op == OPERATION_MODULATE) {
+        return alpha[0] * alpha[1];
+    } else if (op == OPERATION_ADD) {
+        return min(alpha[0] + alpha[1], 1.0);
+    } else if (op == OPERATION_ADDSIGNED) {
+        return clamp(alpha[0] + alpha[1] - 0.5, 0.0, 1.0);
+    } else if (op == OPERATION_LERP) {
+        return alpha[0] * alpha[2] + alpha[1] * (1.0 - alpha[2]);
+    } else if (op == OPERATION_SUBTRACT) {
+        return max(alpha[0] - alpha[1], 0.0);
+    } else if (op == OPERATION_MULTIPLYTHENADD) {
+        return min(alpha[0] * alpha[1] + alpha[2], 1.0);
+    } else if (op == OPERATION_ADDTHENMULTIPLY) {
+        return min(alpha[0] + alpha[1], 1.0) * alpha[2];
+    }
+
+    return 0.0;
+}
+
+void main(void) {
+    g_combiner_buffer = tev_combiner_buffer_color;
+
+    for (int tex_env_idx = 0; tex_env_idx < NUM_TEV_STAGES; ++tex_env_idx) {
+        if (tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].enabled) {
+            g_const_color = tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].const_color;
+
+            vec3 color_results[3] = vec3[3](GetColorModifier(tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].color_modifiers.x, GetSource(tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].color_sources.x)),
+                                            GetColorModifier(tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].color_modifiers.y, GetSource(tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].color_sources.y)),
+                                            GetColorModifier(tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].color_modifiers.z, GetSource(tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].color_sources.z)));
+            vec3 color_output = ColorCombine(tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].color_alpha_op.x, color_results);
+
+            float alpha_results[3] = float[3](GetAlphaModifier(tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].alpha_modifiers.x, GetSource(tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].alpha_sources.x)),
+                                              GetAlphaModifier(tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].alpha_modifiers.y, GetSource(tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].alpha_sources.y)),
+                                              GetAlphaModifier(tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].alpha_modifiers.z, GetSource(tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].alpha_sources.z)));
+            float alpha_output = AlphaCombine(tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].color_alpha_op.y, alpha_results);
+
+            g_last_tex_env_out = vec4(min(color_output * tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].color_alpha_multiplier.x, 1.0), min(alpha_output * tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].color_alpha_multiplier.y, 1.0));
+        }
+
+        if (tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].updates_combiner_buffer_color_alpha.x) {
+            g_combiner_buffer.rgb = g_last_tex_env_out.rgb;
+        }
+
+        if (tev_cfgs[tex_env_idx].updates_combiner_buffer_color_alpha.y) {
+            g_combiner_buffer.a = g_last_tex_env_out.a;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (alphatest_enabled) {
+        if (alphatest_func == COMPAREFUNC_NEVER) {
+            discard;
+        } else if (alphatest_func == COMPAREFUNC_ALWAYS) {
+
+        } else if (alphatest_func == COMPAREFUNC_EQUAL) {
+            if (g_last_tex_env_out.a != alphatest_ref) {
+                discard;
+            }
+        } else if (alphatest_func == COMPAREFUNC_NOTEQUAL) {
+            if (g_last_tex_env_out.a == alphatest_ref) {
+                discard;
+            }
+        } else if (alphatest_func == COMPAREFUNC_LESSTHAN) {
+            if (g_last_tex_env_out.a >= alphatest_ref) {
+                discard;
+            }
+        } else if (alphatest_func == COMPAREFUNC_LESSTHANOREQUAL) {
+            if (g_last_tex_env_out.a > alphatest_ref) {
+                discard;
+            }
+        } else if (alphatest_func == COMPAREFUNC_GREATERTHAN) {
+            if (g_last_tex_env_out.a <= alphatest_ref) {
+                discard;
+            }
+        } else if (alphatest_func == COMPAREFUNC_GREATERTHANOREQUAL) {
+            if (g_last_tex_env_out.a < alphatest_ref) {
+                discard;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    color = g_last_tex_env_out;
+}
+)";
+
 }

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Citra Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state.h"
+#include "video_core/pica.h"
+
+OpenGLState OpenGLState::cur_state;
+
+OpenGLState::OpenGLState() {
+    // These all match default OpenGL values
+    cull.enabled = false;
+    cull.mode = GL_BACK;
+
+    depth.test_enabled = false;
+    depth.test_func = GL_LESS;
+    depth.write_mask = GL_TRUE;
+
+    stencil.test_enabled = false;
+    stencil.test_func = GL_ALWAYS;
+    stencil.test_ref = 0;
+    stencil.test_mask = -1;
+    stencil.write_mask = -1;
+
+    blend.enabled = false;
+    blend.src_rgb_func = GL_ONE;
+    blend.dst_rgb_func = GL_ZERO;
+    blend.src_a_func = GL_ONE;
+    blend.dst_a_func = GL_ZERO;
+    blend.color.red = 0.0f;
+    blend.color.green = 0.0f;
+    blend.color.blue = 0.0f;
+    blend.color.alpha = 0.0f;
+
+    for (auto& texture_unit : texture_units) {
+        texture_unit.enabled_2d = false;
+        texture_unit.texture_2d = 0;
+    }
+
+    draw.framebuffer = 0;
+    draw.vertex_array = 0;
+    draw.vertex_buffer = 0;
+    draw.shader_program = 0;
+}
+
+const void OpenGLState::Apply() {
+    // Culling
+    if (cull.enabled != cur_state.cull.enabled) {
+        if (cull.enabled) {
+            glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
+        } else {
+            glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (cull.mode != cur_state.cull.mode) {
+        glCullFace(cull.mode);
+    }
+
+    // Depth test
+    if (depth.test_enabled != cur_state.depth.test_enabled) {
+        if (depth.test_enabled) {
+            glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+        } else {
+            glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (depth.test_func != cur_state.depth.test_func) {
+        glDepthFunc(depth.test_func);
+    }
+
+    // Depth mask
+    if (depth.write_mask != cur_state.depth.write_mask) {
+        glDepthMask(depth.write_mask);
+    }
+
+    // Stencil test
+    if (stencil.test_enabled != cur_state.stencil.test_enabled) {
+        if (stencil.test_enabled) {
+            glEnable(GL_STENCIL_TEST);
+        } else {
+            glDisable(GL_STENCIL_TEST);
+        }
+    } 
+
+    if (stencil.test_func != cur_state.stencil.test_func ||
+        stencil.test_ref != cur_state.stencil.test_ref ||
+        stencil.test_mask != cur_state.stencil.test_mask) {
+        glStencilFunc(stencil.test_func, stencil.test_ref, stencil.test_mask);
+    }
+
+    // Stencil mask
+    if (stencil.write_mask != cur_state.stencil.write_mask) {
+        glStencilMask(stencil.write_mask);
+    }
+
+    // Blending
+    if (blend.enabled != cur_state.blend.enabled) {
+        if (blend.enabled) {
+            glEnable(GL_BLEND);
+        } else {
+            glDisable(GL_BLEND);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (blend.color.red != cur_state.blend.color.red ||
+        blend.color.green != cur_state.blend.color.green ||
+        blend.color.blue != cur_state.blend.color.blue ||
+        blend.color.alpha != cur_state.blend.color.alpha) {
+        glBlendColor(blend.color.red, blend.color.green, blend.color.blue, blend.color.alpha);
+    }
+
+    if (blend.src_rgb_func != cur_state.blend.src_rgb_func ||
+        blend.dst_rgb_func != cur_state.blend.dst_rgb_func ||
+        blend.src_a_func != cur_state.blend.src_a_func ||
+        blend.dst_a_func != cur_state.blend.dst_a_func) {
+        glBlendFuncSeparate(blend.src_rgb_func, blend.dst_rgb_func, blend.src_a_func, blend.dst_a_func);
+    }
+
+    // Textures
+    for (unsigned texture_index = 0; texture_index < ARRAY_SIZE(texture_units); ++texture_index) {
+        if (texture_units[texture_index].enabled_2d != texture_units[texture_index].enabled_2d) {
+            glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + texture_index);
+
+            if (texture_units[texture_index].enabled_2d) {
+                glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
+            } else {
+                glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (texture_units[texture_index].texture_2d != cur_state.texture_units[texture_index].texture_2d) {
+            glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + texture_index);
+            glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture_units[texture_index].texture_2d);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Framebuffer
+    if (draw.framebuffer != cur_state.draw.framebuffer) {
+        glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, draw.framebuffer);
+    }
+
+    // Vertex array
+    if (draw.vertex_array != cur_state.draw.vertex_array) {
+        glBindVertexArray(draw.vertex_array);
+    }
+
+    // Vertex buffer
+    if (draw.vertex_buffer != cur_state.draw.vertex_buffer) {
+        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, draw.vertex_buffer);
+    }
+
+    // Shader program
+    if (draw.shader_program != cur_state.draw.shader_program) {
+        glUseProgram(draw.shader_program);
+    }
+
+    cur_state = *this;
+}

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state.h

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Citra Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "generated/gl_3_2_core.h"
+
+class OpenGLState {
+public:
+    struct {
+        bool enabled; // GL_CULL_FACE
+        GLenum mode; // GL_CULL_FACE_MODE
+    } cull;
+
+    struct {
+        bool test_enabled; // GL_DEPTH_TEST
+        GLenum test_func; // GL_DEPTH_FUNC
+        GLboolean write_mask; // GL_DEPTH_WRITEMASK
+    } depth;
+
+    struct {
+        bool test_enabled; // GL_STENCIL_TEST
+        GLenum test_func; // GL_STENCIL_FUNC
+        GLint test_ref; // GL_STENCIL_REF
+        GLuint test_mask; // GL_STENCIL_VALUE_MASK
+        GLuint write_mask; // GL_STENCIL_WRITEMASK
+    } stencil;
+
+    struct {
+        bool enabled; // GL_BLEND
+        GLenum src_rgb_func; // GL_BLEND_SRC_RGB
+        GLenum dst_rgb_func; // GL_BLEND_DST_RGB
+        GLenum src_a_func; // GL_BLEND_SRC_ALPHA
+        GLenum dst_a_func; // GL_BLEND_DST_ALPHA
+
+        struct {
+            GLclampf red;
+            GLclampf green;
+            GLclampf blue;
+            GLclampf alpha;
+        } color; // GL_BLEND_COLOR
+    } blend;
+
+    // 3 texture units - one for each that is used in PICA fragment shader emulation
+    struct {
+        bool enabled_2d; // GL_TEXTURE_2D
+        GLuint texture_2d; // GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_2D
+    } texture_units[3];
+
+    struct {
+        GLuint framebuffer; // GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING
+        GLuint vertex_array; // GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_BINDING
+        GLuint vertex_buffer; // GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING
+        GLuint shader_program; // GL_CURRENT_PROGRAM
+    } draw;
+
+    OpenGLState();
+
+    /// Get the currently active OpenGL state
+    static const OpenGLState& GetCurState() {
+        return cur_state;
+    }
+    
+    /// Apply this state as the current OpenGL state
+    const void Apply();
+
+private:
+    static OpenGLState cur_state;
+};

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/pica_to_gl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Citra Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+#include "video_core/pica.h"
+
+#include "generated/gl_3_2_core.h"
+
+namespace PicaToGL {
+
+inline GLenum WrapMode(Pica::Regs::TextureConfig::WrapMode mode) {
+    static const GLenum wrap_mode_table[] = {
+        GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE,  // WrapMode::ClampToEdge
+        0,                 // Unknown
+        GL_REPEAT,         // WrapMode::Repeat
+        GL_MIRRORED_REPEAT // WrapMode::MirroredRepeat
+    };
+
+    // Range check table for input
+    if (mode >= ARRAY_SIZE(wrap_mode_table)) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_OpenGL, "Unknown texture wrap mode %d", mode);
+        UNREACHABLE();
+
+        return GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE;
+    }
+
+    GLenum gl_mode = wrap_mode_table[mode];
+
+    // Check for dummy values indicating an unknown mode
+    if (gl_mode == 0) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_OpenGL, "Unknown texture wrap mode %d", mode);
+        UNIMPLEMENTED();
+
+        return GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE;
+    }
+
+    return gl_mode;
+}
+
+inline GLenum BlendFunc(u32 factor) {
+    static const GLenum blend_func_table[] = {
+        GL_ZERO,                     // BlendFactor::Zero
+        GL_ONE,                      // BlendFactor::One
+        GL_SRC_COLOR,                // BlendFactor::SourceColor
+        GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR,      // BlendFactor::OneMinusSourceColor
+        GL_DST_COLOR,                // BlendFactor::DestColor
+        GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR,      // BlendFactor::OneMinusDestColor
+        GL_SRC_ALPHA,                // BlendFactor::SourceAlpha
+        GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA,      // BlendFactor::OneMinusSourceAlpha
+        GL_DST_ALPHA,                // BlendFactor::DestAlpha
+        GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA,      // BlendFactor::OneMinusDestAlpha
+        GL_CONSTANT_COLOR,           // BlendFactor::ConstantColor
+        GL_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_COLOR, // BlendFactor::OneMinusConstantColor
+        GL_CONSTANT_ALPHA,           // BlendFactor::ConstantAlpha
+        GL_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA, // BlendFactor::OneMinusConstantAlpha
+        GL_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE,       // BlendFactor::SourceAlphaSaturate
+    };
+
+    // Range check table for input
+    if (factor >= ARRAY_SIZE(blend_func_table)) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_OpenGL, "Unknown blend factor %d", factor);
+        UNREACHABLE();
+
+        return GL_ONE;
+    }
+
+    return blend_func_table[factor];
+}
+
+inline GLenum CompareFunc(u32 func) {
+    static const GLenum compare_func_table[] = {
+        GL_NEVER,    // CompareFunc::Never
+        GL_ALWAYS,   // CompareFunc::Always
+        GL_EQUAL,    // CompareFunc::Equal
+        GL_NOTEQUAL, // CompareFunc::NotEqual
+        GL_LESS,     // CompareFunc::LessThan
+        GL_LEQUAL,   // CompareFunc::LessThanOrEqual
+        GL_GREATER,  // CompareFunc::GreaterThan
+        GL_GEQUAL,   // CompareFunc::GreaterThanOrEqual
+    };
+
+    // Range check table for input
+    if (func >= ARRAY_SIZE(compare_func_table)) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_OpenGL, "Unknown compare function %d", func);
+        UNREACHABLE();
+
+        return GL_ALWAYS;
+    }
+
+    return compare_func_table[func];
+}
+
+inline std::array<GLfloat, 4> ColorRGBA8(const u8* bytes) {
+    return { { bytes[0] / 255.0f,
+               bytes[1] / 255.0f,
+               bytes[2] / 255.0f,
+               bytes[3] / 255.0f
+           } };
+}
+
+} // namespace

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ static std::array<GLfloat, 3*2> MakeOrthographicMatrix(const float width, const
 
 /// RendererOpenGL constructor
 RendererOpenGL::RendererOpenGL() {
+    hw_rasterizer.reset(new RasterizerOpenGL());
     resolution_width  = std::max(VideoCore::kScreenTopWidth, VideoCore::kScreenBottomWidth);
     resolution_height = VideoCore::kScreenTopHeight + VideoCore::kScreenBottomHeight;
 }
@@ -63,7 +64,9 @@ RendererOpenGL::~RendererOpenGL() {
 
 /// Swap buffers (render frame)
 void RendererOpenGL::SwapBuffers() {
-    render_window->MakeCurrent();
+    // Maintain the rasterizer's state as a priority
+    OpenGLState prev_state = OpenGLState::GetCurState();
+    state.Apply();
 
     for(int i : {0, 1}) {
         const auto& framebuffer = GPU::g_regs.framebuffer_config[i];
@@ -110,7 +113,19 @@ void RendererOpenGL::SwapBuffers() {
     render_window->PollEvents();
     render_window->SwapBuffers();
 
+    prev_state.Apply();
+
     profiler.BeginFrame();
+
+    bool hw_renderer_enabled = VideoCore::g_hw_renderer_enabled;
+    if (Settings::values.use_hw_renderer != hw_renderer_enabled) {
+        // TODO: Save new setting value to config file for next startup
+        Settings::values.use_hw_renderer = hw_renderer_enabled;
+
+        if (Settings::values.use_hw_renderer) {
+            hw_rasterizer->Reset();
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -139,7 +154,11 @@ void RendererOpenGL::LoadFBToActiveGLTexture(const GPU::Regs::FramebufferConfig&
     // only allows rows to have a memory alignement of 4.
     ASSERT(pixel_stride % 4 == 0);
 
-    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture.handle);
+    state.texture_units[0].enabled_2d = true;
+    state.texture_units[0].texture_2d = texture.handle;
+    state.Apply();
+    
+    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
     glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, (GLint)pixel_stride);
 
     // Update existing texture
@@ -151,7 +170,6 @@ void RendererOpenGL::LoadFBToActiveGLTexture(const GPU::Regs::FramebufferConfig&
                     texture.gl_format, texture.gl_type, framebuffer_data);
 
     glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0);
-    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -161,13 +179,15 @@ void RendererOpenGL::LoadFBToActiveGLTexture(const GPU::Regs::FramebufferConfig&
  */
 void RendererOpenGL::LoadColorToActiveGLTexture(u8 color_r, u8 color_g, u8 color_b,
                                                 const TextureInfo& texture) {
-    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture.handle);
+    state.texture_units[0].enabled_2d = true;
+    state.texture_units[0].texture_2d = texture.handle;
+    state.Apply();
 
+    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
     u8 framebuffer_data[3] = { color_r, color_g, color_b };
 
     // Update existing texture
     glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, 1, 1, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, framebuffer_data);
-    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -175,7 +195,6 @@ void RendererOpenGL::LoadColorToActiveGLTexture(u8 color_r, u8 color_g, u8 color
  */
 void RendererOpenGL::InitOpenGLObjects() {
     glClearColor(Settings::values.bg_red, Settings::values.bg_green, Settings::values.bg_blue, 0.0f);
-    glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
 
     // Link shaders and get variable locations
     program_id = ShaderUtil::LoadShaders(GLShaders::g_vertex_shader, GLShaders::g_fragment_shader);
@@ -189,10 +208,12 @@ void RendererOpenGL::InitOpenGLObjects() {
 
     // Generate VAO
     glGenVertexArrays(1, &vertex_array_handle);
-    glBindVertexArray(vertex_array_handle);
+
+    state.draw.vertex_array = vertex_array_handle;
+    state.draw.vertex_buffer = vertex_buffer_handle;
+    state.Apply();
 
     // Attach vertex data to VAO
-    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertex_buffer_handle);
     glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(ScreenRectVertex) * 4, nullptr, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
     glVertexAttribPointer(attrib_position,  2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ScreenRectVertex), (GLvoid*)offsetof(ScreenRectVertex, position));
     glVertexAttribPointer(attrib_tex_coord, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(ScreenRectVertex), (GLvoid*)offsetof(ScreenRectVertex, tex_coord));
@@ -206,14 +227,19 @@ void RendererOpenGL::InitOpenGLObjects() {
         // Allocation of storage is deferred until the first frame, when we
         // know the framebuffer size.
 
-        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture.handle);
+        state.texture_units[0].enabled_2d = true;
+        state.texture_units[0].texture_2d = texture.handle;
+        state.Apply();
+
+        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL, 0);
         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
     }
-    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+
+    hw_rasterizer->InitObjects();
 }
 
 void RendererOpenGL::ConfigureFramebufferTexture(TextureInfo& texture,
@@ -264,7 +290,11 @@ void RendererOpenGL::ConfigureFramebufferTexture(TextureInfo& texture,
         UNIMPLEMENTED();
     }
 
-    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture.handle);
+    state.texture_units[0].enabled_2d = true;
+    state.texture_units[0].texture_2d = texture.handle;
+    state.Apply();
+
+    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
     glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, internal_format, texture.width, texture.height, 0,
             texture.gl_format, texture.gl_type, nullptr);
 }
@@ -280,8 +310,10 @@ void RendererOpenGL::DrawSingleScreenRotated(const TextureInfo& texture, float x
         ScreenRectVertex(x+w, y+h, 0.f, 1.f),
     };
 
-    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture.handle);
+    state.texture_units[0].enabled_2d = true;
-    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertex_buffer_handle);
+    state.texture_units[0].texture_2d = texture.handle;
+    state.Apply();
+
     glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, sizeof(vertices), vertices.data());
     glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
 }
@@ -295,7 +327,8 @@ void RendererOpenGL::DrawScreens() {
     glViewport(0, 0, layout.width, layout.height);
     glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
 
-    glUseProgram(program_id);
+    state.draw.shader_program = program_id;
+    state.Apply();
 
     // Set projection matrix
     std::array<GLfloat, 3 * 2> ortho_matrix = MakeOrthographicMatrix((float)layout.width,

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 #include "core/hw/gpu.h"
 
 #include "video_core/renderer_base.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h"
 
 class EmuWindow;
 
@@ -49,18 +51,18 @@ private:
     };
 
     void InitOpenGLObjects();
-    static void ConfigureFramebufferTexture(TextureInfo& texture,
+    void ConfigureFramebufferTexture(TextureInfo& texture,
-                                            const GPU::Regs::FramebufferConfig& framebuffer);
+                                     const GPU::Regs::FramebufferConfig& framebuffer);
     void DrawScreens();
     void DrawSingleScreenRotated(const TextureInfo& texture, float x, float y, float w, float h);
     void UpdateFramerate();
 
     // Loads framebuffer from emulated memory into the active OpenGL texture.
-    static void LoadFBToActiveGLTexture(const GPU::Regs::FramebufferConfig& framebuffer,
+    void LoadFBToActiveGLTexture(const GPU::Regs::FramebufferConfig& framebuffer,
-                                        const TextureInfo& texture);
+                                 const TextureInfo& texture);
     // Fills active OpenGL texture with the given RGB color.
-    static void LoadColorToActiveGLTexture(u8 color_r, u8 color_g, u8 color_b,
+    void LoadColorToActiveGLTexture(u8 color_r, u8 color_g, u8 color_b,
-                                           const TextureInfo& texture);
+                                    const TextureInfo& texture);
 
     /// Computes the viewport rectangle
     MathUtil::Rectangle<unsigned> GetViewportExtent();
@@ -71,6 +73,8 @@ private:
     int resolution_width;                         ///< Current resolution width
     int resolution_height;                        ///< Current resolution height
 
+    OpenGLState state;
+
     // OpenGL object IDs
     GLuint vertex_array_handle;
     GLuint vertex_buffer_handle;

src/video_core/video_core.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "common/emu_window.h"
 
 #include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/settings.h"
 
 #include "video_core/video_core.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_base.h"
@@ -19,6 +20,8 @@ namespace VideoCore {
 EmuWindow*      g_emu_window    = nullptr;     ///< Frontend emulator window
 RendererBase*   g_renderer      = nullptr;     ///< Renderer plugin
 
+std::atomic<bool> g_hw_renderer_enabled;
+
 /// Initialize the video core
 void Init(EmuWindow* emu_window) {
     g_emu_window = emu_window;

src/video_core/video_core.h

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 
 #include "renderer_base.h"
 
+#include <atomic>
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Video Core namespace
 
@@ -31,6 +33,9 @@ static const int kScreenBottomHeight    = 240;  ///< 3DS bottom screen height
 extern RendererBase*   g_renderer;              ///< Renderer plugin
 extern EmuWindow*      g_emu_window;            ///< Emu window
 
+// TODO: Wrap this in a user settings struct along with any other graphics settings (often set from qt ui)
+extern std::atomic<bool> g_hw_renderer_enabled;
+
 /// Start the video core
 void Start();