Parse ES saves right, vastly improve titlekey time

source/keys/keys.c

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include "../utils/util.h"
 
 #include "key_sources.inl"
+#include "save.h"
 
 #include <string.h>
 
@@ -115,6 +116,8 @@ void dump_keys() {
         package2_key[KB_FIRMWARE_VERSION_MAX+1][0x10] = {0},
         titlekek[KB_FIRMWARE_VERSION_MAX+1][0x10] = {0};
 
+    sd_mount();
+
     display_backlight_brightness(h_cfg.backlight, 1000);
     gfx_clear_partial_grey(0x1B, 0, 1256);
     gfx_con_setpos(0, 0);
@@ -604,6 +607,8 @@ pkg2_done:
     DIR dir;
     FILINFO fno;
     FIL fp;
+    save_ctx_t *save_ctx = NULL;
+
     // sysmodule NCAs only ever have one section (exefs) so 0x600 is sufficient
     u8 *dec_header = (u8*)malloc(0x600);
     char path[100] = "emmc:/Contents/registered";
@@ -782,6 +787,7 @@ pkg2_done:
     }
     f_close(&fp);
 
+    // this file is so small that parsing the savedata properly would take longer
     if (f_open(&fp, "emmc:/save/8000000000000043", FA_READ | FA_OPEN_EXISTING)) {
         EPRINTF("Unable to open ns_appman save.\nSkipping SD seed.");
         goto get_titlekeys;
@@ -804,13 +810,9 @@ get_titlekeys:
     if (!_key_exists(eticket_rsa_kek))
         goto dismount;
 
-    if (!minerva_cfg) {
+    gfx_printf("%kTitlekeys...     ", colors[(color_idx++) % 6]);
-        gfx_printf("%k Minerva not found!\n This may take up to a minute...\n", colors[(color_idx++) % 6]);
-        gfx_printf(" For better performance, download Hekate\n and put bootloader/sys/libsys_minerva.bso\n on SD.\n");
-    }
-    gfx_printf("%kTitlekeys...     ", colors[color_idx % 6]);
     u32 save_x = gfx_con.x, save_y = gfx_con.y;
-    gfx_printf("\n");
+    gfx_printf("\n%kCommon...       ", colors[color_idx % 6]);
 
     u8 null_hash[0x20] = {
         0xE3, 0xB0, 0xC4, 0x42, 0x98, 0xFC, 0x1C, 0x14, 0x9A, 0xFB, 0xF4, 0xC8, 0x99, 0x6F, 0xB9, 0x24,
@@ -819,7 +821,7 @@ get_titlekeys:
     se_aes_key_set(8, bis_key[0] + 0x00, 0x10);
     se_aes_key_set(9, bis_key[0] + 0x10, 0x10);
 
-    u32 buf_size = 0x80000;
+    u32 buf_size = 0x4000;
     u8 *buffer = (u8 *)malloc(buf_size);
 
     u8 keypair[0x230] = {0};
@@ -857,53 +859,64 @@ get_titlekeys:
 
     se_rsa_key_set(0, N, 0x100, D, 0x100);
 
-    if (f_stat("emmc:/save/80000000000000E1", &fno)) {
+    u32 br = buf_size;
-        EPRINTF("Unable to stat ES save 1. Skipping.");
+    u32 file_tkey_count = 0;
-        free(buffer);
-        goto dismount;
-    }
-    u64 total_size = fno.fsize;
-    if (f_stat("emmc:/save/80000000000000E2", &fno)) {
-        EPRINTF("Unable to stat ES save 2. Skipping.");
-        free(buffer);
-        goto dismount;
-    }
-    total_size += fno.fsize;
-    u32 br;
     u64 total_br = 0;
-    rights_ids = (u8 *)malloc(0x400000);
+    rights_ids = (u8 *)malloc(0x40000);
-    titlekeys = (u8 *)malloc(0x400000);
+    titlekeys = (u8 *)malloc(0x40000);
+    save_ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(save_ctx_t));
     u8 M[0x100];
     if (f_open(&fp, "emmc:/save/80000000000000E1", FA_READ | FA_OPEN_EXISTING)) {
         EPRINTF("Unable to open ES save 1. Skipping.");
         free(buffer);
         goto dismount;
     }
-    f_lseek(&fp, 0x8000);
+
     u32 pct = 0, last_pct = 0;
     tui_pbar(save_x, save_y, pct, COLOR_GREEN, 0xFF155500);
 
-    while (!f_read(&fp, buffer, buf_size, &br)) {
+    save_ctx->file = &fp;
+    save_ctx->tool_ctx.action = 0;
+    memcpy(save_ctx->save_mac_key, save_mac_key, 0x10);
+    save_process(save_ctx);
+
+    char ticket_bin_path[SAVE_FS_LIST_MAX_NAME_LENGTH] = "/ticket.bin";
+    char ticket_list_bin_path[SAVE_FS_LIST_MAX_NAME_LENGTH] = "/ticket_list.bin";
+    allocation_table_storage_ctx_t fat_storage;
+    save_fs_list_entry_t entry = {0, "", {0}, 0};
+    if (!save_hierarchical_file_table_get_file_entry_by_path(&save_ctx->save_filesystem_core.file_table, ticket_list_bin_path, &entry)) {
+        EPRINTF("Unable to locate ticket_list.bin in e1.");
+        goto dismount;
+    }
+    save_open_fat_storage(&save_ctx->save_filesystem_core, &fat_storage, entry.value.save_file_info.start_block);
+    while (br == buf_size && total_br < entry.value.save_file_info.length) {
+        br = save_allocation_table_storage_read(&fat_storage, buffer, total_br, buf_size);
+        if (buffer[0] == 0) break;
         total_br += br;
-        for (u32 i = 0; i < br; i += 0x4000) {
+        minerva_periodic_training();
-            pct = (u32)((total_br + i) * 100 / total_size);
+        for (u32 j = 0; j < buf_size; j += 0x20) {
+            if (buffer[j] == 0xff && buffer[j+1] == 0xff && buffer[j+2] == 0xff && buffer[j+3] == 0xff) break;
+            file_tkey_count++;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!save_hierarchical_file_table_get_file_entry_by_path(&save_ctx->save_filesystem_core.file_table, ticket_bin_path, &entry)) {
+        EPRINTF("Unable to locate ticket.bin in e1.");
+        goto dismount;
+    }
+    save_open_fat_storage(&save_ctx->save_filesystem_core, &fat_storage, entry.value.save_file_info.start_block);
+    total_br = 0;
+    while (br == buf_size && total_br < entry.value.save_file_info.length) {
+        br = save_allocation_table_storage_read(&fat_storage, buffer, total_br, buf_size);
+        if (buffer[0] == 0) break;
+        total_br += br;
+        for (u32 j = 0; j < buf_size; j += 0x400) {
+            pct = _titlekey_count * 100 / file_tkey_count;
             if (pct > last_pct && pct <= 100) {
                 last_pct = pct;
                 tui_pbar(save_x, save_y, pct, COLOR_GREEN, 0xFF155500);
             }
-            for (u32 j = i; j < i + 0x4000; j += 0x400) {
             minerva_periodic_training();
             if (buffer[j] == 4 && buffer[j+1] == 0 && buffer[j+2] == 1 && buffer[j+3] == 0) {
-                    u32 k = 0;
-                    bool titlekey_found = false;
-                    for (; k < _titlekey_count; k++) {
-                        if (!memcmp(rights_ids + 0x10 * k, buffer + j + 0x2a0, 0x10)) {
-                            titlekey_found = true;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if (titlekey_found)
-                        continue;
                 memcpy(rights_ids + 0x10 * _titlekey_count, buffer + j + 0x2a0, 0x10);
                 memcpy(titlekeys + 0x10 * _titlekey_count, buffer + j + 0x180, 0x10);
                 _titlekey_count++;
@@ -912,8 +925,17 @@ get_titlekeys:
             }
         }
     }
-        if (br < buf_size) break;
+    tui_pbar(save_x, save_y, 100, COLOR_GREEN, 0xFF155500);
-    }
+    f_close(&fp);
+    save_free_contexts(save_ctx);
+    memset(save_ctx, 0, sizeof(save_ctx_t));
+    memset(&fat_storage, 0, sizeof(allocation_table_storage_ctx_t));
+
+    gfx_con_setpos(0, save_y);
+    TPRINTFARGS("\n%kCommon...       ", colors[(color_idx++) % 6]);
+    save_x = gfx_con.x + 16 * 17;
+    save_y = gfx_con.y;
+    gfx_printf("\n%kPersonalized... ", colors[color_idx % 6]);
 
     u32 common_titlekey_count = _titlekey_count;
     if (f_open(&fp, "emmc:/save/80000000000000E2", FA_READ | FA_OPEN_EXISTING)) {
@@ -921,28 +943,52 @@ get_titlekeys:
         free(buffer);
         goto dismount;
     }
-    f_lseek(&fp, 0x8000);
+
-    while (!f_read(&fp, buffer, buf_size, &br)) {
+    save_ctx->file = &fp;
+    save_ctx->tool_ctx.action = 0;
+    memcpy(save_ctx->save_mac_key, save_mac_key, 0x10);
+    save_process(save_ctx);
+
+    if (!save_hierarchical_file_table_get_file_entry_by_path(&save_ctx->save_filesystem_core.file_table, ticket_list_bin_path, &entry)) {
+        EPRINTF("Unable to locate ticket_list.bin in e2.");
+        goto dismount;
+    }
+    save_open_fat_storage(&save_ctx->save_filesystem_core, &fat_storage, entry.value.save_file_info.start_block);
+
+    total_br = 0;
+    file_tkey_count = 0;
+    while (br == buf_size && total_br < entry.value.save_file_info.length) {
+        br = save_allocation_table_storage_read(&fat_storage, buffer, total_br, buf_size);
+        if (buffer[0] == 0) break;
         total_br += br;
-        for (u32 i = 0; i < br; i += 0x4000) {
+        minerva_periodic_training();
-            pct = (u32)((total_br + i) * 100 / total_size);
+        for (u32 j = 0; j < buf_size; j += 0x20) {
+            if (buffer[j] == 0xff && buffer[j+1] == 0xff && buffer[j+2] == 0xff && buffer[j+3] == 0xff) break;
+            file_tkey_count++;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!save_hierarchical_file_table_get_file_entry_by_path(&save_ctx->save_filesystem_core.file_table, ticket_bin_path, &entry)) {
+        EPRINTF("Unable to locate ticket.bin in e2.");
+        goto dismount;
+    }
+
+    save_open_fat_storage(&save_ctx->save_filesystem_core, &fat_storage, entry.value.save_file_info.start_block);
+
+    total_br = 0;
+    pct = 0;
+    last_pct = 0;
+    while (br == buf_size && total_br < entry.value.save_file_info.length) {
+        br = save_allocation_table_storage_read(&fat_storage, buffer, total_br, buf_size);
+        if (buffer[0] == 0) break;
+        total_br += br;
+        for (u32 j = 0; j < buf_size; j += 0x400) {
+            pct = (_titlekey_count - common_titlekey_count) * 100 / file_tkey_count;
             if (pct > last_pct && pct <= 100) {
                 last_pct = pct;
                 tui_pbar(save_x, save_y, pct, COLOR_GREEN, 0xFF155500);
             }
-            for (u32 j = i; j < i + 0x4000; j += 0x400) {
             minerva_periodic_training();
             if (buffer[j] == 4 && buffer[j+1] == 0 && buffer[j+2] == 1 && buffer[j+3] == 0) {
-                    u32 k = common_titlekey_count;
-                    bool titlekey_found = false;
-                    for (; k < _titlekey_count; k++) {
-                        if (!memcmp(rights_ids + 0x10 * k, buffer + j + 0x2a0, 0x10)) {
-                            titlekey_found = true;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if (titlekey_found)
-                        continue;
                 memcpy(rights_ids + 0x10 * _titlekey_count, buffer + j + 0x2a0, 0x10);
 
                 u8 *titlekey_block = buffer + j + 0x180;
@@ -960,16 +1006,19 @@ get_titlekeys:
             }
         }
     }
-        if (br < buf_size) break;
+    tui_pbar(save_x, save_y, 100, COLOR_GREEN, 0xFF155500);
-    }
     free(buffer);
     f_close(&fp);
 
     gfx_con_setpos(0, save_y);
-    TPRINTFARGS("\n%k                ", colors[(color_idx++) % 6]);
+    TPRINTFARGS("\n%kPersonalized... ", colors[(color_idx++) % 6]);
     gfx_printf("\n%k  Found %d titlekeys.\n", colors[(color_idx++) % 6], _titlekey_count);
 
-dismount:
+dismount:;
+    if (save_ctx) {
+        save_free_contexts(save_ctx);
+        free(save_ctx);
+    }
     f_mount(NULL, "emmc:", 1);
     clear_sector_cache = true;
     nx_emmc_gpt_free(&gpt);

source/keys/save.c

@@ -0,0 +1,821 @@
+#include <string.h>
+#include "save.h"
+
+#include "../gfx/gfx.h"
+#include "../mem/heap.h"
+#include "../sec/se.h"
+#include "../utils/types.h"
+#include "../utils/util.h"
+
+#define REMAP_ENTRY_LENGTH 0x20
+
+static inline void save_bitmap_set_bit(void *buffer, size_t bit_offset) {
+    *((uint8_t *)buffer + (bit_offset >> 3)) |= 1 << (bit_offset & 7);
+}
+
+static inline void save_bitmap_clear_bit(void *buffer, size_t bit_offset) {
+    *((uint8_t *)buffer + (bit_offset >> 3)) &= ~(uint8_t)(1 << (bit_offset & 7));
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t save_bitmap_check_bit(const void *buffer, size_t bit_offset) {
+    return *((uint8_t *)buffer + (bit_offset >> 3)) & (1 << (bit_offset & 7));
+}
+
+void save_duplex_storage_init(duplex_storage_ctx_t *ctx, duplex_fs_layer_info_t *layer, void *bitmap, uint64_t bitmap_size) {
+    ctx->data_a = layer->data_a;
+    ctx->data_b = layer->data_b;
+    ctx->bitmap_storage = (uint8_t *)bitmap;
+    ctx->block_size = 1 << layer->info.block_size_power;
+
+    ctx->bitmap.data = ctx->bitmap_storage;
+    ctx->bitmap.bitmap = malloc(bitmap_size >> 3);
+
+    uint32_t bits_remaining = bitmap_size;
+    uint32_t bitmap_pos = 0;
+    uint32_t *buffer_pos = (uint32_t *)bitmap;
+    while (bits_remaining) {
+        uint32_t bits_to_read = bits_remaining < 32 ? bits_remaining : 32;
+        uint32_t val = *buffer_pos;
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < bits_to_read; i++) {
+            if (val & 0x80000000)
+                save_bitmap_set_bit(ctx->bitmap.bitmap, bitmap_pos);
+            else
+                save_bitmap_clear_bit(ctx->bitmap.bitmap, bitmap_pos);
+            bitmap_pos++;
+            bits_remaining--;
+            val <<= 1;
+        }
+        buffer_pos++;
+    }
+}
+
+uint32_t save_duplex_storage_read(duplex_storage_ctx_t *ctx, void *buffer, uint64_t offset, size_t count) {
+    uint64_t in_pos = offset;
+    uint32_t out_pos = 0;
+    uint32_t remaining = count;
+
+    while (remaining) {
+        uint32_t block_num = (uint32_t)(in_pos / ctx->block_size);
+        uint32_t block_pos = (uint32_t)(in_pos % ctx->block_size);
+        uint32_t bytes_to_read = ctx->block_size - block_pos < remaining ? ctx->block_size - block_pos : remaining;
+
+        uint8_t *data = save_bitmap_check_bit(ctx->bitmap.bitmap, block_num) ? ctx->data_b : ctx->data_a;
+        memcpy((uint8_t *)buffer + out_pos, data + in_pos, bytes_to_read);
+
+        out_pos += bytes_to_read;
+        in_pos += bytes_to_read;
+        remaining -= bytes_to_read;
+    }
+    return out_pos;
+}
+
+remap_segment_ctx_t *save_remap_init_segments(remap_header_t *header, remap_entry_ctx_t *map_entries, uint32_t num_map_entries) {
+    remap_segment_ctx_t *segments =  malloc(sizeof(remap_segment_ctx_t) * header->map_segment_count);
+    unsigned int entry_idx = 0;
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < header->map_segment_count; i++) {
+        remap_segment_ctx_t *seg = &segments[i];
+        seg->entries = malloc(sizeof(remap_entry_ctx_t));
+        memcpy(seg->entries, &map_entries[entry_idx], sizeof(remap_entry_ctx_t));
+        seg->offset = map_entries[entry_idx].virtual_offset;
+        map_entries[entry_idx].segment = seg;
+        seg->entry_count = 1;
+        entry_idx++;
+
+        while (entry_idx < num_map_entries && map_entries[entry_idx - 1].virtual_offset_end == map_entries[entry_idx].virtual_offset) {
+            map_entries[entry_idx].segment = seg;
+            map_entries[entry_idx - 1].next = &map_entries[entry_idx];
+            seg->entries = malloc(sizeof(remap_entry_ctx_t));
+            memcpy(seg->entries, &map_entries[entry_idx], sizeof(remap_entry_ctx_t));
+            seg->entry_count++;
+            entry_idx++;
+        }
+        seg->length = seg->entries[seg->entry_count - 1].virtual_offset_end - seg->entries[0].virtual_offset;
+    }
+    return segments;
+}
+
+remap_entry_ctx_t *save_remap_get_map_entry(remap_storage_ctx_t *ctx, uint64_t offset) {
+    uint32_t segment_idx = (uint32_t)(offset >> (64 - ctx->header->segment_bits));
+    if (segment_idx < ctx->header->map_segment_count) {
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ctx->segments[segment_idx].entry_count; i++)
+            if (ctx->segments[segment_idx].entries[i].virtual_offset_end > offset)
+                return &ctx->segments[segment_idx].entries[i];
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+uint32_t save_remap_read(remap_storage_ctx_t *ctx, void *buffer, uint64_t offset, size_t count) {
+    remap_entry_ctx_t *entry = save_remap_get_map_entry(ctx, offset);
+    uint64_t in_pos = offset;
+    uint32_t out_pos = 0;
+    uint32_t remaining = count;
+
+    while (remaining) {
+        uint64_t entry_pos = in_pos - entry->virtual_offset;
+        uint32_t bytes_to_read = entry->virtual_offset_end - in_pos < remaining ? (uint32_t)(entry->virtual_offset_end - in_pos) : remaining;
+
+        switch (ctx->type) {
+            case STORAGE_BYTES:
+                f_lseek(ctx->file, ctx->base_storage_offset + entry->physical_offset + entry_pos);
+                f_read(ctx->file, (uint8_t *)buffer + out_pos, bytes_to_read, NULL);
+                break;
+            case STORAGE_DUPLEX:
+                save_duplex_storage_read(ctx->duplex, (uint8_t *)buffer + out_pos, ctx->base_storage_offset + entry->physical_offset + entry_pos, bytes_to_read);
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        out_pos += bytes_to_read;
+        in_pos += bytes_to_read;
+        remaining -= bytes_to_read;
+
+        if (in_pos >= entry->virtual_offset_end)
+            entry = entry->next;
+    }
+    return out_pos;
+}
+
+uint32_t save_journal_storage_read(journal_storage_ctx_t *ctx, remap_storage_ctx_t *remap, void *buffer, uint64_t offset, size_t count) {
+    uint64_t in_pos = offset;
+    uint32_t out_pos = 0;
+    uint32_t remaining = count;
+
+    while (remaining) {
+        uint32_t block_num = (uint32_t)(in_pos / ctx->block_size);
+        uint32_t block_pos = (uint32_t)(in_pos % ctx->block_size);
+        uint64_t physical_offset = ctx->map.entries[block_num].physical_index * ctx->block_size + block_pos;
+        uint32_t bytes_to_read = ctx->block_size - block_pos < remaining ? ctx->block_size - block_pos : remaining;
+
+        save_remap_read(remap, (uint8_t *)buffer + out_pos, ctx->journal_data_offset + physical_offset, bytes_to_read);
+
+        out_pos += bytes_to_read;
+        in_pos += bytes_to_read;
+        remaining -= bytes_to_read;
+    }
+    return out_pos;
+}
+
+void save_ivfc_storage_init(hierarchical_integrity_verification_storage_ctx_t *ctx, uint64_t master_hash_offset, ivfc_save_hdr_t *ivfc) {
+    ivfc_level_save_ctx_t *levels = ctx->levels;
+    levels[0].type = STORAGE_BYTES;
+    levels[0].hash_offset = master_hash_offset;
+    for (unsigned int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
+        ivfc_level_hdr_t *level = &ivfc->level_headers[i - 1];
+        levels[i].type = STORAGE_REMAP;
+        levels[i].data_offset = level->logical_offset;
+        levels[i].data_size = level->hash_data_size;
+    }
+    if (ivfc->num_levels == 5) {
+        ivfc_level_hdr_t *data_level = &ivfc->level_headers[ivfc->num_levels - 2];
+        levels[ivfc->num_levels - 1].type = STORAGE_JOURNAL;
+        levels[ivfc->num_levels - 1].data_offset = data_level->logical_offset;
+        levels[ivfc->num_levels - 1].data_size = data_level->hash_data_size;
+    }
+
+    struct salt_source_t {
+        char string[50];
+        uint32_t length;
+    };
+
+    static struct salt_source_t salt_sources[6] = {
+        {"HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::Master", 48},
+        {"HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::L1", 44},
+        {"HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::L2", 44},
+        {"HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::L3", 44},
+        {"HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::L4", 44},
+        {"HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::L5", 44}
+    };
+    integrity_verification_info_ctx_t init_info[ivfc->num_levels];
+
+    init_info[0].data = &levels[0];
+    init_info[0].block_size = 0;
+    for (unsigned int i = 1; i < ivfc->num_levels; i++) {
+        init_info[i].data = &levels[i];
+        init_info[i].block_size = 1 << ivfc->level_headers[i - 1].block_size;
+        se_calc_hmac_sha256(init_info[i].salt, ivfc->salt_source, 0x20, salt_sources[i - 1].string, salt_sources[i - 1].length);
+    }
+
+    ctx->integrity_storages[0].next_level = NULL;
+    ctx->level_validities = malloc(sizeof(validity_t *) * (ivfc->num_levels - 1));
+    for (unsigned int i = 1; i < ivfc->num_levels; i++) {
+        integrity_verification_storage_ctx_t *level_data = &ctx->integrity_storages[i - 1];
+        level_data->hash_storage = &levels[i - 1];
+        level_data->base_storage = &levels[i];
+        level_data->sector_size = init_info[i].block_size;
+        level_data->_length = init_info[i].data->data_size;
+        level_data->sector_count = (level_data->_length + level_data->sector_size - 1) / level_data->sector_size;
+        memcpy(level_data->salt, init_info[i].salt, 0x20);
+        level_data->block_validities = calloc(1, sizeof(validity_t) * level_data->sector_count);
+        ctx->level_validities[i - 1] = level_data->block_validities;
+        if (i > 1) {
+            level_data->next_level = &ctx->integrity_storages[i - 2];
+        }
+    }
+    ctx->data_level = &levels[ivfc->num_levels - 1];
+    ctx->_length = ctx->integrity_storages[ivfc->num_levels - 2]._length;
+}
+
+size_t save_ivfc_level_fread(ivfc_level_save_ctx_t *ctx, void *buffer, uint64_t offset, size_t count) {
+    switch (ctx->type) {
+        case STORAGE_BYTES:
+            f_lseek(ctx->save_ctx->file, ctx->hash_offset + offset);
+            UINT br = 0;
+            f_read(ctx->save_ctx->file, buffer, count, &br);
+            return br;
+        case STORAGE_REMAP:
+            save_remap_read(&ctx->save_ctx->meta_remap_storage, buffer, ctx->data_offset + offset, count);
+            return count;
+        case STORAGE_JOURNAL:
+            save_journal_storage_read(&ctx->save_ctx->journal_storage, &ctx->save_ctx->data_remap_storage, buffer, ctx->data_offset + offset, count);
+            return count;
+        default:
+            return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+void save_ivfc_storage_read(integrity_verification_storage_ctx_t *ctx, void *buffer, uint64_t offset, size_t count, uint32_t verify) {
+    if (count > ctx->sector_size) {
+        EPRINTF("IVFC read exceeds sector size!\n");
+    }
+
+    uint64_t block_index = offset / ctx->sector_size;
+
+    if (ctx->block_validities[block_index] == VALIDITY_INVALID && verify) {
+        EPRINTFARGS("Hash error from previous check\n found at offset %x count %x!\n", (u32)offset, count);
+    }
+
+    uint8_t hash_buffer[0x20] = {0};
+    uint8_t zeroes[0x20] = {0};
+    uint64_t hash_pos = block_index * 0x20;
+    if (ctx->next_level) {
+        save_ivfc_storage_read(ctx->next_level, hash_buffer, hash_pos, 0x20, verify);
+    } else {
+        save_ivfc_level_fread(ctx->hash_storage, hash_buffer, hash_pos, 0x20);
+    }
+
+    if (!memcmp(hash_buffer, zeroes, 0x20)) {
+        memset(buffer, 0, count);
+        ctx->block_validities[block_index] = VALIDITY_VALID;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    save_ivfc_level_fread(ctx->base_storage, buffer, offset, count);
+
+    if (!(verify && ctx->block_validities[block_index] == VALIDITY_UNCHECKED)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t hash[0x20] = {0};
+    uint8_t *data_buffer = calloc(1, ctx->sector_size + 0x20);
+    memcpy(data_buffer, ctx->salt, 0x20);
+    memcpy(data_buffer + 0x20, buffer, count);
+
+    se_calc_sha256(hash, data_buffer, ctx->sector_size + 0x20);
+    hash[0x1F] |= 0x80;
+
+    free(data_buffer);
+    if (memcmp(hash_buffer, hash, 0x20)) {
+        ctx->block_validities[block_index] = VALIDITY_INVALID;
+    } else {
+        ctx->block_validities[block_index] = VALIDITY_VALID;
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->block_validities[block_index] == VALIDITY_INVALID && verify) {
+        EPRINTFARGS("Hash error from current check\n found at offset %x count %x!\n", (u32)offset, count);
+    }
+}
+
+uint32_t save_allocation_table_read_entry_with_length(allocation_table_ctx_t *ctx, allocation_table_entry_t *entry) {
+    uint32_t length = 1;
+    uint32_t entry_index = allocation_table_block_to_entry_index(entry->next);
+
+    allocation_table_entry_t *entries = (allocation_table_entry_t *)((uint8_t *)(ctx->base_storage) + entry_index * SAVE_FAT_ENTRY_SIZE);
+    if ((entries[0].next & 0x80000000) == 0) {
+        if (entries[0].prev & 0x80000000 && entries[0].prev != 0x80000000) {
+            EPRINTF("Invalid range entry in allocation table!\n");
+        }
+    } else {
+        length = entries[1].next - entry_index + 1;
+    }
+
+    if (allocation_table_is_list_end(&entries[0])) {
+        entry->next = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    } else {
+        entry->next = allocation_table_entry_index_to_block(allocation_table_get_next(&entries[0]));
+    }
+
+    if (allocation_table_is_list_start(&entries[0])) {
+        entry->prev = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    } else {
+        entry->prev = allocation_table_entry_index_to_block(allocation_table_get_prev(&entries[0]));
+    }
+
+    return length;
+}
+
+uint32_t save_allocation_table_get_list_length(allocation_table_ctx_t *ctx, uint32_t block_index) {
+    allocation_table_entry_t entry;
+    entry.next = block_index;
+    uint32_t total_length = 0;
+    uint32_t table_size = ctx->header->allocation_table_block_count;
+    uint32_t nodes_iterated = 0;
+
+    while (entry.next != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+        total_length += save_allocation_table_read_entry_with_length(ctx, &entry);
+        nodes_iterated++;
+        if (nodes_iterated > table_size) {
+            EPRINTF("Cycle detected in allocation table!\n");
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    return total_length;
+}
+
+uint64_t save_allocation_table_get_free_space_size(save_filesystem_ctx_t *ctx) {
+    uint32_t free_list_start = save_allocation_table_get_free_list_block_index(&ctx->allocation_table);
+
+    if (free_list_start == 0xFFFFFFFF) return 0;
+
+    return ctx->header->block_size * save_allocation_table_get_list_length(&ctx->allocation_table, free_list_start);
+}
+
+void save_allocation_table_iterator_begin(allocation_table_iterator_ctx_t *ctx, allocation_table_ctx_t *table, uint32_t initial_block) {
+    ctx->fat = table;
+    ctx->physical_block = initial_block;
+    ctx->virtual_block = 0;
+
+    allocation_table_entry_t entry;
+    entry.next = initial_block;
+    ctx->current_segment_size = save_allocation_table_read_entry_with_length(ctx->fat, &entry);
+    ctx->next_block = entry.next;
+    ctx->prev_block = entry.prev;
+
+    if (ctx->prev_block != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+        EPRINTFARGS("Attempted to start FAT iteration from\n invalid block %x!\n", initial_block);
+    }
+}
+
+int save_allocation_table_iterator_move_next(allocation_table_iterator_ctx_t *ctx) {
+    if (ctx->next_block == 0xFFFFFFFF) return 0;
+
+    ctx->virtual_block += ctx->current_segment_size;
+    ctx->physical_block = ctx->next_block;
+
+    allocation_table_entry_t entry;
+    entry.next = ctx->next_block;
+    ctx->current_segment_size = save_allocation_table_read_entry_with_length(ctx->fat, &entry);
+    ctx->next_block = entry.next;
+    ctx->prev_block = entry.prev;
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int save_allocation_table_iterator_move_prev(allocation_table_iterator_ctx_t *ctx) {
+    if (ctx->prev_block == 0xFFFFFFFF) return 0;
+
+    ctx->physical_block = ctx->prev_block;
+
+    allocation_table_entry_t entry;
+    entry.next = ctx->prev_block;
+    ctx->current_segment_size = save_allocation_table_read_entry_with_length(ctx->fat, &entry);
+    ctx->next_block = entry.next;
+    ctx->prev_block = entry.prev;
+
+    ctx->virtual_block -= ctx->current_segment_size;
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int save_allocation_table_iterator_seek(allocation_table_iterator_ctx_t *ctx, uint32_t block) {
+    while (1) {
+        if (block < ctx->virtual_block) {
+            if (!save_allocation_table_iterator_move_prev(ctx)) return 0;
+        } else if (block >= ctx->virtual_block + ctx->current_segment_size) {
+            if (!save_allocation_table_iterator_move_next(ctx)) return 0;
+        } else {
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+uint32_t save_allocation_table_storage_read(allocation_table_storage_ctx_t *ctx, void *buffer, uint64_t offset, size_t count) {
+    allocation_table_iterator_ctx_t iterator;
+    save_allocation_table_iterator_begin(&iterator, ctx->fat, ctx->initial_block);
+    uint64_t in_pos = offset;
+    uint32_t out_pos = 0;
+    uint32_t remaining = count;
+
+    while (remaining) {
+        uint32_t block_num = (uint32_t)(in_pos / ctx->block_size);
+        save_allocation_table_iterator_seek(&iterator, block_num);
+
+        uint32_t segment_pos = (uint32_t)(in_pos - (uint64_t)iterator.virtual_block * ctx->block_size);
+        uint64_t physical_offset = iterator.physical_block * ctx->block_size + segment_pos;
+
+        uint32_t remaining_in_segment = iterator.current_segment_size * ctx->block_size - segment_pos;
+        uint32_t bytes_to_read = remaining < remaining_in_segment ? remaining : remaining_in_segment;
+
+        uint32_t sector_size = ctx->base_storage->integrity_storages[3].sector_size;
+        uint32_t chunk_remaining = bytes_to_read;
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < bytes_to_read; i += sector_size) {
+            uint32_t bytes_to_request = chunk_remaining < sector_size ? chunk_remaining : sector_size;
+            save_ivfc_storage_read(&ctx->base_storage->integrity_storages[3], (uint8_t *)buffer + out_pos + i, physical_offset + i, bytes_to_request, ctx->base_storage->data_level->save_ctx->tool_ctx.action & ACTION_VERIFY);
+            chunk_remaining -= bytes_to_request;
+        }
+
+        out_pos += bytes_to_read;
+        in_pos += bytes_to_read;
+        remaining -= bytes_to_read;
+    }
+    return out_pos;
+}
+
+uint32_t save_fs_list_get_capacity(save_filesystem_list_ctx_t *ctx) {
+    if (!ctx->capacity)
+        save_allocation_table_storage_read(&ctx->storage, &ctx->capacity, 4, 4);
+    return ctx->capacity;
+}
+
+uint32_t save_fs_list_read_entry(save_filesystem_list_ctx_t *ctx, uint32_t index, save_fs_list_entry_t *entry) {
+    return save_allocation_table_storage_read(&ctx->storage, entry, index * SAVE_FS_LIST_ENTRY_SIZE, SAVE_FS_LIST_ENTRY_SIZE);
+}
+
+int save_fs_list_get_value(save_filesystem_list_ctx_t *ctx, uint32_t index, save_fs_list_entry_t *value) {
+    if (index >= save_fs_list_get_capacity(ctx)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    save_fs_list_read_entry(ctx, index, value);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+uint32_t save_fs_get_index_from_key(save_filesystem_list_ctx_t *ctx, save_entry_key_t *key, uint32_t *prev_index) {
+    save_fs_list_entry_t entry;
+    uint32_t capacity = save_fs_list_get_capacity(ctx);
+    save_fs_list_read_entry(ctx, ctx->used_list_head_index, &entry);
+    uint32_t prev;
+    if (!prev_index) {
+        prev_index = &prev;
+    }
+    *prev_index = ctx->used_list_head_index;
+    uint32_t index = entry.next;
+    while (index) {
+        if (index > capacity) {
+            EPRINTFARGS("Save entry index %d out of range!", index);
+        }
+        save_fs_list_read_entry(ctx, index, &entry);
+        if (entry.parent == key->parent && !strcmp(entry.name, key->name)) {
+            return index;
+        }
+        *prev_index = index;
+        index = entry.next;
+    }
+    *prev_index = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    return 0xFFFFFFFF;
+}
+
+int save_hierarchical_file_table_find_path_recursive(hierarchical_save_file_table_ctx_t *ctx, save_entry_key_t *key, char *path) {
+    key->parent = 0;
+    char *pos = strchr(path, '/');
+    while (pos) {
+        memset(key->name, 0, SAVE_FS_LIST_MAX_NAME_LENGTH);
+        char *tmp = strchr(pos, '/');
+        if (!tmp) {
+            memcpy(key->name, pos, strlen(pos));
+            break;
+        }
+        memcpy(key->name, pos, tmp - pos);
+        key->parent = save_fs_get_index_from_key(&ctx->directory_table, key, NULL);
+        if (key->parent == 0xFFFFFFFF)
+            return 0;
+        pos = tmp + 1;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int save_hierarchical_file_table_find_next_file(hierarchical_save_file_table_ctx_t *ctx, save_find_position_t *position, save_file_info_t *info, char *name) {
+    if (position->next_file == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    save_fs_list_entry_t entry;
+    if(!save_fs_list_get_value(&ctx->file_table, position->next_file, &entry)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    position->next_file = entry.value.next_sibling;
+    memcpy(name, &entry.name, SAVE_FS_LIST_MAX_NAME_LENGTH);
+    memcpy(info, &entry.value.save_file_info, sizeof(save_file_info_t));
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int save_hierarchical_file_table_find_next_directory(hierarchical_save_file_table_ctx_t *ctx, save_find_position_t *position, char *name) {
+    if (position->next_directory == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    save_fs_list_entry_t entry;
+    if(!save_fs_list_get_value(&ctx->directory_table, position->next_directory, &entry)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    position->next_directory = entry.value.next_sibling;
+    memcpy(name, &entry.name, SAVE_FS_LIST_MAX_NAME_LENGTH);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int save_hierarchical_file_table_get_file_entry_by_path(hierarchical_save_file_table_ctx_t *ctx, char *path, save_fs_list_entry_t *entry) {
+    save_entry_key_t key;
+    if (!save_hierarchical_file_table_find_path_recursive(ctx, &key, path)) {
+        EPRINTF("Unable to locate file.");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    u32 index = save_fs_get_index_from_key(&ctx->file_table, &key, NULL);
+    if (index == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+        EPRINTF("Unable to get table index for file.");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (!save_fs_list_get_value(&ctx->file_table, index, entry)) {
+        EPRINTF("Unable to get file entry from index.");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+void save_open_fat_storage(save_filesystem_ctx_t *ctx, allocation_table_storage_ctx_t *storage_ctx, uint32_t block_index) {
+    storage_ctx->base_storage = ctx->base_storage;
+    storage_ctx->fat = &ctx->allocation_table;
+    storage_ctx->block_size = (uint32_t)ctx->header->block_size;
+    storage_ctx->initial_block = block_index;
+    storage_ctx->_length = block_index == 0xFFFFFFFF ? 0 : save_allocation_table_get_list_length(storage_ctx->fat, block_index) * storage_ctx->block_size;
+}
+
+void save_filesystem_init(save_filesystem_ctx_t *ctx, void *fat, save_fs_header_t *save_fs_header, fat_header_t *fat_header) {
+    ctx->allocation_table.base_storage = fat;
+    ctx->allocation_table.header = fat_header;
+    ctx->allocation_table.free_list_entry_index = 0;
+    ctx->header = save_fs_header;
+
+    save_open_fat_storage(ctx, &ctx->file_table.directory_table.storage, fat_header->directory_table_block);
+    save_open_fat_storage(ctx, &ctx->file_table.file_table.storage, fat_header->file_table_block);
+    ctx->file_table.file_table.free_list_head_index = 0;
+    ctx->file_table.file_table.used_list_head_index = 1;
+    ctx->file_table.directory_table.free_list_head_index = 0;
+    ctx->file_table.directory_table.used_list_head_index = 1;
+}
+
+validity_t save_ivfc_validate(hierarchical_integrity_verification_storage_ctx_t *ctx, ivfc_save_hdr_t *ivfc) {
+    validity_t result = VALIDITY_VALID;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ivfc->num_levels - 1 && result != VALIDITY_INVALID; i++) {
+        integrity_verification_storage_ctx_t *storage = &ctx->integrity_storages[i];
+
+        uint64_t block_size = storage->sector_size;
+        uint32_t block_count = (uint32_t)((storage->_length + block_size - 1) / block_size);
+
+        uint8_t *buffer = malloc(block_size);
+
+        for (unsigned int j = 0; j < block_count; j++) {
+            if (ctx->level_validities[ivfc->num_levels - 2][j] == VALIDITY_UNCHECKED) {
+                uint32_t to_read = storage->_length - block_size * j < block_size ? storage->_length - block_size * j : block_size;
+                save_ivfc_storage_read(storage, buffer, block_size * j, to_read, 1);
+            }
+            if (ctx->level_validities[ivfc->num_levels - 2][j] == VALIDITY_INVALID) {
+                result = VALIDITY_INVALID;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        free(buffer);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+void save_ivfc_set_level_validities(hierarchical_integrity_verification_storage_ctx_t *ctx, ivfc_save_hdr_t *ivfc) {
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ivfc->num_levels - 1; i++) {
+        validity_t level_validity = VALIDITY_VALID;
+        for (unsigned int j = 0; j < ctx->integrity_storages[i].sector_count; j++) {
+            if (ctx->level_validities[i][j] == VALIDITY_INVALID) {
+                level_validity = VALIDITY_INVALID;
+                break;
+            }
+            if (ctx->level_validities[i][j] == VALIDITY_UNCHECKED && level_validity != VALIDITY_INVALID) {
+                level_validity = VALIDITY_UNCHECKED;
+            }
+        }
+        ctx->levels[i].hash_validity = level_validity;
+    }
+}
+
+validity_t save_filesystem_verify(save_ctx_t *ctx) {
+    validity_t journal_validity = save_ivfc_validate(&ctx->core_data_ivfc_storage, &ctx->header.data_ivfc_header);
+    save_ivfc_set_level_validities(&ctx->core_data_ivfc_storage, &ctx->header.data_ivfc_header);
+
+    if (!ctx->fat_ivfc_storage.levels[0].save_ctx) return journal_validity;
+
+    validity_t fat_validity = save_ivfc_validate(&ctx->fat_ivfc_storage, &ctx->header.fat_ivfc_header);
+    save_ivfc_set_level_validities(&ctx->fat_ivfc_storage, &ctx->header.fat_ivfc_header);
+
+    if (journal_validity != VALIDITY_VALID) return journal_validity;
+    if (fat_validity != VALIDITY_VALID) return fat_validity;
+
+    return journal_validity;
+}
+
+void save_process(save_ctx_t *ctx) {
+    /* Try to parse Header A. */
+    f_lseek(ctx->file, 0);
+    if (f_read(ctx->file, &ctx->header, sizeof(ctx->header), NULL)) {
+        EPRINTF("Failed to read save header!\n");
+    }
+
+    save_process_header(ctx);
+
+    if (ctx->header_hash_validity == VALIDITY_INVALID) {
+        /* Try to parse Header B. */
+        f_lseek(ctx->file, 0x4000);
+        if (f_read(ctx->file, &ctx->header, sizeof(ctx->header), NULL)) {
+            EPRINTF("Failed to read save header!\n");
+        }
+
+        save_process_header(ctx);
+
+        if (ctx->header_hash_validity == VALIDITY_INVALID) {
+            EPRINTF("Error: Save header is invalid!\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    unsigned char cmac[0x10];
+    memset(cmac, 0, 0x10);
+    se_aes_key_set(3, ctx->save_mac_key, 0x10);
+    se_aes_cmac(3, cmac, 0x10, &ctx->header.layout, sizeof(ctx->header.layout));
+    if (memcmp(cmac, &ctx->header.cmac, 0x10) == 0) {
+        ctx->header_cmac_validity = VALIDITY_VALID;
+    } else {
+        ctx->header_cmac_validity = VALIDITY_INVALID;
+    }
+
+    /* Initialize remap storages. */
+    ctx->data_remap_storage.type = STORAGE_BYTES;
+    ctx->data_remap_storage.base_storage_offset = ctx->header.layout.file_map_data_offset;
+    ctx->data_remap_storage.header = &ctx->header.main_remap_header;
+    ctx->data_remap_storage.map_entries = malloc(sizeof(remap_entry_ctx_t) * ctx->data_remap_storage.header->map_entry_count);
+    ctx->data_remap_storage.file = ctx->file;
+    f_lseek(ctx->file, ctx->header.layout.file_map_entry_offset);
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ctx->data_remap_storage.header->map_entry_count; i++) {
+        f_read(ctx->file, &ctx->data_remap_storage.map_entries[i], 0x20, NULL);
+        ctx->data_remap_storage.map_entries[i].physical_offset_end = ctx->data_remap_storage.map_entries[i].physical_offset + ctx->data_remap_storage.map_entries[i].size;
+        ctx->data_remap_storage.map_entries[i].virtual_offset_end = ctx->data_remap_storage.map_entries[i].virtual_offset + ctx->data_remap_storage.map_entries[i].size;
+    }
+
+    /* Initialize data remap storage. */
+    ctx->data_remap_storage.segments = save_remap_init_segments(ctx->data_remap_storage.header, ctx->data_remap_storage.map_entries, ctx->data_remap_storage.header->map_entry_count);
+
+    /* Initialize duplex storage. */
+    ctx->duplex_layers[0].data_a = (uint8_t *)&ctx->header + ctx->header.layout.duplex_master_offset_a;
+    ctx->duplex_layers[0].data_b = (uint8_t *)&ctx->header + ctx->header.layout.duplex_master_offset_b;
+    memcpy(&ctx->duplex_layers[0].info, &ctx->header.duplex_header.layers[0], sizeof(duplex_info_t));
+
+    ctx->duplex_layers[1].data_a = malloc(ctx->header.layout.duplex_l1_size);
+    save_remap_read(&ctx->data_remap_storage, ctx->duplex_layers[1].data_a, ctx->header.layout.duplex_l1_offset_a, ctx->header.layout.duplex_l1_size);
+    ctx->duplex_layers[1].data_b = malloc(ctx->header.layout.duplex_l1_size);
+    save_remap_read(&ctx->data_remap_storage, ctx->duplex_layers[1].data_b, ctx->header.layout.duplex_l1_offset_b, ctx->header.layout.duplex_l1_size);
+    memcpy(&ctx->duplex_layers[1].info, &ctx->header.duplex_header.layers[1], sizeof(duplex_info_t));
+
+    ctx->duplex_layers[2].data_a = malloc(ctx->header.layout.duplex_data_size);
+    save_remap_read(&ctx->data_remap_storage, ctx->duplex_layers[2].data_a, ctx->header.layout.duplex_data_offset_a, ctx->header.layout.duplex_data_size);
+    ctx->duplex_layers[2].data_b = malloc(ctx->header.layout.duplex_data_size);
+    save_remap_read(&ctx->data_remap_storage, ctx->duplex_layers[2].data_b, ctx->header.layout.duplex_data_offset_b, ctx->header.layout.duplex_data_size);
+    memcpy(&ctx->duplex_layers[2].info, &ctx->header.duplex_header.layers[2], sizeof(duplex_info_t));
+
+    /* Initialize hierarchical duplex storage. */
+    uint8_t *bitmap = ctx->header.layout.duplex_index == 1 ? ctx->duplex_layers[0].data_b : ctx->duplex_layers[0].data_a;
+    save_duplex_storage_init(&ctx->duplex_storage.layers[0], &ctx->duplex_layers[1], bitmap, ctx->header.layout.duplex_master_size);
+    ctx->duplex_storage.layers[0]._length = ctx->header.layout.duplex_l1_size;
+
+    bitmap = malloc(ctx->duplex_storage.layers[0]._length);
+    save_duplex_storage_read(&ctx->duplex_storage.layers[0], bitmap, 0, ctx->duplex_storage.layers[0]._length);
+    save_duplex_storage_init(&ctx->duplex_storage.layers[1], &ctx->duplex_layers[2], bitmap, ctx->duplex_storage.layers[0]._length);
+    ctx->duplex_storage.layers[1]._length = ctx->header.layout.duplex_data_size;
+
+    ctx->duplex_storage.data_layer = ctx->duplex_storage.layers[1];
+
+    /* Initialize meta remap storage. */
+    ctx->meta_remap_storage.type = STORAGE_DUPLEX;
+    ctx->meta_remap_storage.duplex = &ctx->duplex_storage.data_layer;
+    ctx->meta_remap_storage.header = &ctx->header.meta_remap_header;
+    ctx->meta_remap_storage.map_entries = malloc(sizeof(remap_entry_ctx_t) * ctx->meta_remap_storage.header->map_entry_count);
+    ctx->meta_remap_storage.file = ctx->file;
+    f_lseek(ctx->file, ctx->header.layout.meta_map_entry_offset);
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ctx->meta_remap_storage.header->map_entry_count; i++) {
+        f_read(ctx->file, &ctx->meta_remap_storage.map_entries[i], 0x20, NULL);
+        ctx->meta_remap_storage.map_entries[i].physical_offset_end = ctx->meta_remap_storage.map_entries[i].physical_offset + ctx->meta_remap_storage.map_entries[i].size;
+        ctx->meta_remap_storage.map_entries[i].virtual_offset_end = ctx->meta_remap_storage.map_entries[i].virtual_offset + ctx->meta_remap_storage.map_entries[i].size;
+    }
+
+    ctx->meta_remap_storage.segments = save_remap_init_segments(ctx->meta_remap_storage.header, ctx->meta_remap_storage.map_entries, ctx->meta_remap_storage.header->map_entry_count);
+
+   /* Initialize journal map. */
+    ctx->journal_map_info.map_storage = malloc(ctx->header.layout.journal_map_table_size);
+    save_remap_read(&ctx->meta_remap_storage, ctx->journal_map_info.map_storage, ctx->header.layout.journal_map_table_offset, ctx->header.layout.journal_map_table_size);
+
+    /* Initialize journal storage. */
+    ctx->journal_storage.header = &ctx->header.journal_header;
+    ctx->journal_storage.journal_data_offset = ctx->header.layout.journal_data_offset;
+    ctx->journal_storage._length = ctx->journal_storage.header->total_size - ctx->journal_storage.header->journal_size;
+    ctx->journal_storage.file = ctx->file;
+    ctx->journal_storage.map.header = &ctx->header.map_header;
+    ctx->journal_storage.map.map_storage = ctx->journal_map_info.map_storage;
+    ctx->journal_storage.map.entries = malloc(sizeof(journal_map_entry_t) * ctx->journal_storage.map.header->main_data_block_count);
+    uint32_t *pos = (uint32_t *)ctx->journal_storage.map.map_storage;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ctx->journal_storage.map.header->main_data_block_count; i++) {
+        ctx->journal_storage.map.entries[i].virtual_index = i;
+        ctx->journal_storage.map.entries[i].physical_index = *pos & 0x7FFFFFFF;
+        pos += 2;
+    }
+    ctx->journal_storage.block_size = ctx->journal_storage.header->block_size;
+    ctx->journal_storage._length = ctx->journal_storage.header->total_size - ctx->journal_storage.header->journal_size;
+
+    /* Initialize core IVFC storage. */
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+        ctx->core_data_ivfc_storage.levels[i].save_ctx = ctx;
+    }
+    save_ivfc_storage_init(&ctx->core_data_ivfc_storage, ctx->header.layout.ivfc_master_hash_offset_a, &ctx->header.data_ivfc_header);
+
+    /* Initialize FAT storage. */
+    if (ctx->header.layout.version < 0x50000) {
+        ctx->fat_storage = malloc(ctx->header.layout.fat_size);
+        save_remap_read(&ctx->meta_remap_storage, ctx->fat_storage, ctx->header.layout.fat_offset, ctx->header.layout.fat_size);
+    } else {
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+            ctx->fat_ivfc_storage.levels[i].save_ctx = ctx;
+        }
+        save_ivfc_storage_init(&ctx->fat_ivfc_storage, ctx->header.layout.fat_ivfc_master_hash_a, &ctx->header.fat_ivfc_header);
+        ctx->fat_storage = malloc(ctx->fat_ivfc_storage._length);
+        save_remap_read(&ctx->meta_remap_storage, ctx->fat_storage, ctx->header.fat_ivfc_header.level_headers[ctx->header.fat_ivfc_header.num_levels - 2].logical_offset, ctx->fat_ivfc_storage._length);
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->tool_ctx.action & ACTION_VERIFY) {
+        save_filesystem_verify(ctx);
+    }
+
+    /* Initialize core save filesystem. */
+    ctx->save_filesystem_core.base_storage = &ctx->core_data_ivfc_storage;
+    save_filesystem_init(&ctx->save_filesystem_core, ctx->fat_storage, &ctx->header.save_header, &ctx->header.fat_header);
+}
+
+void save_process_header(save_ctx_t *ctx) {
+    if (ctx->header.layout.magic != MAGIC_DISF || ctx->header.duplex_header.magic != MAGIC_DPFS ||
+        ctx->header.data_ivfc_header.magic != MAGIC_IVFC || ctx->header.journal_header.magic != MAGIC_JNGL ||
+        ctx->header.save_header.magic != MAGIC_SAVE || ctx->header.main_remap_header.magic != MAGIC_RMAP ||
+        ctx->header.meta_remap_header.magic != MAGIC_RMAP) {
+        EPRINTF("Error: Save header is corrupt!\n");
+    }
+
+    ctx->data_ivfc_master = (uint8_t *)&ctx->header + ctx->header.layout.ivfc_master_hash_offset_a;
+    ctx->fat_ivfc_master = (uint8_t *)&ctx->header + ctx->header.layout.fat_ivfc_master_hash_a;
+
+    uint8_t hash[0x20];
+    se_calc_sha256(hash, &ctx->header.duplex_header, 0x3D00);
+    ctx->header_hash_validity = memcmp(hash, ctx->header.layout.hash, 0x20) == 0 ? VALIDITY_VALID : VALIDITY_INVALID;
+
+    ctx->header.data_ivfc_header.num_levels = 5;
+
+    if (ctx->header.layout.version >= 0x50000) {
+        ctx->header.fat_ivfc_header.num_levels = 4;
+    }
+}
+
+void save_free_contexts(save_ctx_t *ctx) {
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ctx->data_remap_storage.header->map_segment_count; i++) {
+        for (unsigned int j = 0; j < ctx->data_remap_storage.segments[i].entry_count; j++) {
+            free(&ctx->data_remap_storage.segments[i].entries[j]);
+        }
+    }
+    free(ctx->data_remap_storage.segments);
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ctx->meta_remap_storage.header->map_segment_count; i++) {
+        for (unsigned int j = 0; j < ctx->meta_remap_storage.segments[i].entry_count; j++) {
+            free(&ctx->meta_remap_storage.segments[i].entries[j]);
+        }
+    }
+    free(ctx->meta_remap_storage.segments);
+    free(ctx->data_remap_storage.map_entries);
+    free(ctx->meta_remap_storage.map_entries);
+    free(ctx->duplex_storage.layers[0].bitmap.bitmap);
+    free(ctx->duplex_storage.layers[1].bitmap.bitmap);
+    free(ctx->duplex_storage.layers[1].bitmap_storage);
+    for (unsigned int i = 1; i < 3; i++) {
+        free(ctx->duplex_layers[i].data_a);
+        free(ctx->duplex_layers[i].data_b);
+    }
+    free(ctx->journal_map_info.map_storage);
+    free(ctx->journal_storage.map.entries);
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ctx->header.data_ivfc_header.num_levels - 1; i++) {
+        free(ctx->core_data_ivfc_storage.integrity_storages[i].block_validities);
+    }
+    free(ctx->core_data_ivfc_storage.level_validities);
+    if (ctx->header.layout.version >= 0x50000) {
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ctx->header.fat_ivfc_header.num_levels - 1; i++) {
+            free(ctx->fat_ivfc_storage.integrity_storages[i].block_validities);
+        }
+    }
+    free(ctx->fat_ivfc_storage.level_validities);
+    free(ctx->fat_storage);
+}

source/keys/save.h

@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+#ifndef _SAVE_H
+#define _SAVE_H
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "../libs/fatfs/ff.h"
+
+#define SAVE_HEADER_SIZE 0x4000
+#define SAVE_FAT_ENTRY_SIZE 8
+#define SAVE_FS_LIST_MAX_NAME_LENGTH 0x40
+#define SAVE_FS_LIST_ENTRY_SIZE 0x60
+
+#define IVFC_MAX_LEVEL 6
+
+#define MAGIC_DISF 0x46534944
+#define MAGIC_DPFS 0x53465044
+#define MAGIC_JNGL 0x4C474E4A
+#define MAGIC_SAVE 0x45564153
+#define MAGIC_RMAP 0x50414D52
+#define MAGIC_IVFC 0x43465649
+
+typedef enum {
+    VALIDITY_UNCHECKED = 0,
+    VALIDITY_INVALID,
+    VALIDITY_VALID
+} validity_t;
+
+typedef struct save_ctx_t save_ctx_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t magic; /* DISF */
+    uint32_t version;
+    uint8_t hash[0x20];
+    uint64_t file_map_entry_offset;
+    uint64_t file_map_entry_size;
+    uint64_t meta_map_entry_offset;
+    uint64_t meta_map_entry_size;
+    uint64_t file_map_data_offset;
+    uint64_t file_map_data_size;
+    uint64_t duplex_l1_offset_a;
+    uint64_t duplex_l1_offset_b;
+    uint64_t duplex_l1_size;
+    uint64_t duplex_data_offset_a;
+    uint64_t duplex_data_offset_b;
+    uint64_t duplex_data_size;
+    uint64_t journal_data_offset;
+    uint64_t journal_data_size_a;
+    uint64_t journal_data_size_b;
+    uint64_t journal_size;
+    uint64_t duplex_master_offset_a;
+    uint64_t duplex_master_offset_b;
+    uint64_t duplex_master_size;
+    uint64_t ivfc_master_hash_offset_a;
+    uint64_t ivfc_master_hash_offset_b;
+    uint64_t ivfc_master_hash_size;
+    uint64_t journal_map_table_offset;
+    uint64_t journal_map_table_size;
+    uint64_t journal_physical_bitmap_offset;
+    uint64_t journal_physical_bitmap_size;
+    uint64_t journal_virtual_bitmap_offset;
+    uint64_t journal_virtual_bitmap_size;
+    uint64_t journal_free_bitmap_offset;
+    uint64_t journal_free_bitmap_size;
+    uint64_t ivfc_l1_offset;
+    uint64_t ivfc_l1_size;
+    uint64_t ivfc_l2_offset;
+    uint64_t ivfc_l2_size;
+    uint64_t ivfc_l3_offset;
+    uint64_t ivfc_l3_size;
+    uint64_t fat_offset;
+    uint64_t fat_size;
+    uint64_t duplex_index;
+    uint64_t fat_ivfc_master_hash_a;
+    uint64_t fat_ivfc_master_hash_b;
+    uint64_t fat_ivfc_l1_offset;
+    uint64_t fat_ivfc_l1_size;
+    uint64_t fat_ivfc_l2_offset;
+    uint64_t fat_ivfc_l2_size;
+    uint8_t _0x190[0x70];
+} fs_layout_t;
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+typedef struct {
+    uint64_t offset;
+    uint64_t length;
+    uint32_t block_size_power;
+} duplex_info_t;
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t magic; /* DPFS */
+    uint32_t version;
+    duplex_info_t layers[3];
+} duplex_header_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t version;
+    uint32_t main_data_block_count;
+    uint32_t journal_block_count;
+    uint32_t _0x0C;
+} journal_map_header_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t magic; /* JNGL */
+    uint32_t version;
+    uint64_t total_size;
+    uint64_t journal_size;
+    uint64_t block_size;
+} journal_header_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t magic; /* SAVE */
+    uint32_t version;
+    uint64_t block_count;
+    uint64_t block_size;
+} save_fs_header_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint64_t block_size;
+    uint64_t allocation_table_offset;
+    uint32_t allocation_table_block_count;
+    uint32_t _0x14;
+    uint64_t data_offset;
+    uint32_t data_block_count;
+    uint32_t _0x24;
+    uint32_t directory_table_block;
+    uint32_t file_table_block;
+} fat_header_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t magic; /* RMAP */
+    uint32_t version;
+    uint32_t map_entry_count;
+    uint32_t map_segment_count;
+    uint32_t segment_bits;
+    uint8_t _0x14[0x2C];
+} remap_header_t;
+
+typedef struct remap_segment_ctx_t remap_segment_ctx_t;
+typedef struct remap_entry_ctx_t remap_entry_ctx_t;
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+struct remap_entry_ctx_t {
+    uint64_t virtual_offset;
+    uint64_t physical_offset;
+    uint64_t size;
+    uint32_t alignment;
+    uint32_t _0x1C;
+    uint64_t virtual_offset_end;
+    uint64_t physical_offset_end;
+    remap_segment_ctx_t *segment;
+    remap_entry_ctx_t *next;
+};
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+struct remap_segment_ctx_t{
+    uint64_t offset;
+    uint64_t length;
+    remap_entry_ctx_t *entries;
+    uint64_t entry_count;
+};
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t *data;
+    uint8_t *bitmap;
+} duplex_bitmap_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t block_size;
+    uint8_t *bitmap_storage;
+    uint8_t *data_a;
+    uint8_t *data_b;
+    duplex_bitmap_t bitmap;
+    uint64_t _length;
+} duplex_storage_ctx_t;
+
+enum base_storage_type {
+    STORAGE_BYTES = 0,
+    STORAGE_DUPLEX = 1,
+    STORAGE_REMAP = 2,
+    STORAGE_JOURNAL = 3
+};
+
+typedef struct {
+    remap_header_t *header;
+    remap_entry_ctx_t *map_entries;
+    remap_segment_ctx_t *segments;
+    enum base_storage_type type;
+    uint64_t base_storage_offset;
+    duplex_storage_ctx_t *duplex;
+    FIL *file;
+} remap_storage_ctx_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint64_t title_id;
+    uint8_t user_id[0x10];
+    uint64_t save_id;
+    uint8_t save_data_type;
+    uint8_t _0x21[0x1F];
+    uint64_t save_owner_id;
+    uint64_t timestamp;
+    uint64_t _0x50;
+    uint64_t data_size;
+    uint64_t journal_size;
+    uint64_t commit_id;
+} extra_data_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint64_t logical_offset;
+    uint64_t hash_data_size;
+    uint32_t block_size;
+    uint32_t reserved;
+} ivfc_level_hdr_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t magic;
+    uint32_t id;
+    uint32_t master_hash_size;
+    uint32_t num_levels;
+    ivfc_level_hdr_t level_headers[IVFC_MAX_LEVEL];
+    uint8_t salt_source[0x20];
+} ivfc_save_hdr_t;
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t cmac[0x10];
+    uint8_t _0x10[0xF0];
+    fs_layout_t layout;
+    duplex_header_t duplex_header;
+    ivfc_save_hdr_t data_ivfc_header;
+    uint32_t _0x404;
+    journal_header_t journal_header;
+    journal_map_header_t map_header;
+    uint8_t _0x438[0x1D0];
+    save_fs_header_t save_header;
+    fat_header_t fat_header;
+    remap_header_t main_remap_header, meta_remap_header;
+    uint64_t _0x6D0;
+    extra_data_t extra_data;
+    uint8_t _0x748[0x390];
+    ivfc_save_hdr_t fat_ivfc_header;
+    uint8_t _0xB98[0x3468];
+} save_header_t;
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+typedef struct {
+    duplex_storage_ctx_t layers[2];
+    duplex_storage_ctx_t data_layer;
+    uint64_t _length;
+} hierarchical_duplex_storage_ctx_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t *data_a;
+    uint8_t *data_b;
+    duplex_info_t info;
+} duplex_fs_layer_info_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t *map_storage;
+    uint8_t *physical_block_bitmap;
+    uint8_t *virtual_block_bitmap;
+    uint8_t *free_block_bitmap;
+} journal_map_params_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t physical_index;
+    uint32_t virtual_index;
+} journal_map_entry_t;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+    journal_map_header_t *header;
+    journal_map_entry_t *entries;
+    uint8_t *map_storage;
+} journal_map_ctx_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    journal_map_ctx_t map;
+    journal_header_t *header;
+    uint32_t block_size;
+    uint64_t journal_data_offset;
+    uint64_t _length;
+    FIL *file;
+} journal_storage_ctx_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint64_t data_offset;
+    uint64_t data_size;
+    uint64_t hash_offset;
+    uint32_t hash_block_size;
+    validity_t hash_validity;
+    enum base_storage_type type;
+    save_ctx_t *save_ctx;
+} ivfc_level_save_ctx_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    ivfc_level_save_ctx_t *data;
+    uint32_t block_size;
+    uint8_t salt[0x20];
+} integrity_verification_info_ctx_t;
+
+
+typedef struct integrity_verification_storage_ctx_t integrity_verification_storage_ctx_t;
+
+struct integrity_verification_storage_ctx_t {
+    ivfc_level_save_ctx_t *hash_storage;
+    ivfc_level_save_ctx_t *base_storage;
+    validity_t *block_validities;
+    uint8_t salt[0x20];
+    uint32_t sector_size;
+    uint32_t sector_count;
+    uint64_t _length;
+    integrity_verification_storage_ctx_t *next_level;
+};
+
+typedef struct {
+    ivfc_level_save_ctx_t levels[5];
+    ivfc_level_save_ctx_t *data_level;
+    validity_t **level_validities;
+    uint64_t _length;
+    integrity_verification_storage_ctx_t integrity_storages[4];
+} hierarchical_integrity_verification_storage_ctx_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t prev;
+    uint32_t next;
+} allocation_table_entry_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t free_list_entry_index;
+    void *base_storage;
+    fat_header_t *header;
+} allocation_table_ctx_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    hierarchical_integrity_verification_storage_ctx_t *base_storage;
+    uint32_t block_size;
+    uint32_t initial_block;
+    allocation_table_ctx_t *fat;
+    uint64_t _length;
+} allocation_table_storage_ctx_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    allocation_table_ctx_t *fat;
+    uint32_t virtual_block;
+    uint32_t physical_block;
+    uint32_t current_segment_size;
+    uint32_t next_block;
+    uint32_t prev_block;
+} allocation_table_iterator_ctx_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    char name[SAVE_FS_LIST_MAX_NAME_LENGTH];
+    uint32_t parent;
+} save_entry_key_t;
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t start_block;
+    uint64_t length;
+    uint32_t _0xC[2];
+} save_file_info_t;
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t next_directory;
+    uint32_t next_file;
+    uint32_t _0x8[3];
+} save_find_position_t;
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t next_sibling;
+    union { /* Save table entry type. Size = 0x14. */
+        save_file_info_t save_file_info;
+        save_find_position_t save_find_position;
+    };
+} save_table_entry_t;
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t parent;
+    char name[SAVE_FS_LIST_MAX_NAME_LENGTH];
+    save_table_entry_t value;
+    uint32_t next;
+} save_fs_list_entry_t;
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t free_list_head_index;
+    uint32_t used_list_head_index;
+    allocation_table_storage_ctx_t storage;
+    uint32_t capacity;
+} save_filesystem_list_ctx_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    save_filesystem_list_ctx_t file_table;
+    save_filesystem_list_ctx_t directory_table;
+} hierarchical_save_file_table_ctx_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    hierarchical_integrity_verification_storage_ctx_t *base_storage;
+    allocation_table_ctx_t allocation_table;
+    save_fs_header_t *header;
+    hierarchical_save_file_table_ctx_t file_table;
+} save_filesystem_ctx_t;
+
+#define ACTION_VERIFY (1<<2)
+
+struct save_ctx_t {
+    save_header_t header;
+    FIL *file;
+    struct {
+        FIL *file;
+        uint32_t action;
+    } tool_ctx;
+    validity_t header_cmac_validity;
+    validity_t header_hash_validity;
+    uint8_t *data_ivfc_master;
+    uint8_t *fat_ivfc_master;
+    remap_storage_ctx_t data_remap_storage;
+    remap_storage_ctx_t meta_remap_storage;
+    duplex_fs_layer_info_t duplex_layers[3];
+    hierarchical_duplex_storage_ctx_t duplex_storage;
+    journal_storage_ctx_t journal_storage;
+    journal_map_params_t journal_map_info;
+    hierarchical_integrity_verification_storage_ctx_t core_data_ivfc_storage;
+    hierarchical_integrity_verification_storage_ctx_t fat_ivfc_storage;
+    uint8_t *fat_storage;
+    save_filesystem_ctx_t save_filesystem_core;
+    uint8_t save_mac_key[0x10];
+};
+
+static inline uint32_t allocation_table_entry_index_to_block(uint32_t entry_index) {
+    return entry_index - 1;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t allocation_table_block_to_entry_index(uint32_t block_index) {
+    return block_index + 1;
+}
+
+static inline int allocation_table_is_list_end(allocation_table_entry_t *entry) {
+    return (entry->next & 0x7FFFFFFF) == 0;
+}
+
+static inline int allocation_table_is_list_start(allocation_table_entry_t *entry) {
+    return entry->prev == 0x80000000;
+}
+
+
+static inline int allocation_table_get_next(allocation_table_entry_t *entry) {
+    return entry->next & 0x7FFFFFFF;
+}
+
+static inline int allocation_table_get_prev(allocation_table_entry_t *entry) {
+    return entry->prev & 0x7FFFFFFF;
+}
+
+static inline allocation_table_entry_t *save_allocation_table_read_entry(allocation_table_ctx_t *ctx, uint32_t entry_index) {
+    return (allocation_table_entry_t *)((uint8_t *)ctx->base_storage + entry_index * SAVE_FAT_ENTRY_SIZE);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t save_allocation_table_get_free_list_entry_index(allocation_table_ctx_t *ctx) {
+    return allocation_table_get_next(save_allocation_table_read_entry(ctx, ctx->free_list_entry_index));
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t save_allocation_table_get_free_list_block_index(allocation_table_ctx_t *ctx) {
+    return allocation_table_entry_index_to_block(save_allocation_table_get_free_list_entry_index(ctx));
+}
+
+void save_process(save_ctx_t *ctx);
+void save_process_header(save_ctx_t *ctx);
+void save_save(save_ctx_t *ctx);
+void save_print(save_ctx_t *ctx);
+
+void save_free_contexts(save_ctx_t *ctx);
+
+void save_open_fat_storage(save_filesystem_ctx_t *ctx, allocation_table_storage_ctx_t *storage_ctx, uint32_t block_index);
+uint32_t save_allocation_table_storage_read(allocation_table_storage_ctx_t *ctx, void *buffer, uint64_t offset, size_t count);
+int save_fs_list_get_value(save_filesystem_list_ctx_t *ctx, uint32_t index, save_fs_list_entry_t *value);
+uint32_t save_fs_get_index_from_key(save_filesystem_list_ctx_t *ctx, save_entry_key_t *key, uint32_t *prev_index);
+int save_hierarchical_file_table_find_path_recursive(hierarchical_save_file_table_ctx_t *ctx, save_entry_key_t *key, char *path);
+int save_hierarchical_file_table_get_file_entry_by_path(hierarchical_save_file_table_ctx_t *ctx, char *path, save_fs_list_entry_t *entry);
+
+#endif