/* * Copyright (C) 2008 Nuke (wiinuke@gmail.com) * * this file is part of GeckoOS for USB Gecko * http://www.usbgecko.com * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA */ #include #include #include #include #include #include "apploader.h" #include "patchcode.h" #include "memory.h" #include "gecko.h" u32 hooktype; u8 configbytes[2]; extern void patchhook(u32 address, u32 len); extern void patchhook2(u32 address, u32 len); extern void patchhook3(u32 address, u32 len); extern void multidolpatchone(u32 address, u32 len); extern void multidolpatchtwo(u32 address, u32 len); extern void regionfreejap(u32 address, u32 len); extern void regionfreeusa(u32 address, u32 len); extern void regionfreepal(u32 address, u32 len); extern void removehealthcheck(u32 address, u32 len); extern void copyflagcheck1(u32 address, u32 len); extern void copyflagcheck2(u32 address, u32 len); extern void copyflagcheck3(u32 address, u32 len); extern void copyflagcheck4(u32 address, u32 len); extern void copyflagcheck5(u32 address, u32 len); extern void patchupdatecheck(u32 address, u32 len); extern void movedvdhooks(u32 address, u32 len); extern void multidolhook(u32 address); extern void langvipatch(u32 address, u32 len, u8 langbyte); extern void vipatch(u32 address, u32 len); static const u32 multidolpatch1[2] = {0x3C03FFB4,0x28004F43}; static const u32 multidolpatch2[2] = {0x3F608000, 0x807B0018}; static const u32 healthcheckhook[2] = {0x41810010,0x881D007D}; static const u32 updatecheckhook[3] = {0x80650050,0x80850054,0xA0A50058}; static const u32 recoveryhooks[3] = {0xA00100AC,0x5400073E,0x2C00000F}; static const u32 nocopyflag1[3] = {0x540007FF, 0x4182001C, 0x80630068}; static const u32 nocopyflag2[3] = {0x540007FF, 0x41820024, 0x387E12E2}; // this one is for the GH3 and VC saves //static const u32 nocopyflag3[5] = {0x2C030000, 0x40820010, 0x88010020, 0x28000002, 0x41820234}; static const u32 nocopyflag3[5] = {0x2C030000, 0x41820200,0x48000058,0x38610100}; // this removes the display warning for no copy VC and GH3 saves static const u32 nocopyflag4[4] = {0x80010008, 0x2C000000, 0x4182000C, 0x3BE00001}; static const u32 nocopyflag5[3] = {0x801D0024,0x540007FF,0x41820024}; static const u32 movedvdpatch[3] = {0x2C040000, 0x41820120, 0x3C608109}; static const u32 regionfreehooks[5] = {0x7C600774, 0x2C000001, 0x41820030,0x40800010,0x2C000000}; static const u32 cIOScode[16] = {0x7f06c378, 0x7f25cb78, 0x387e02c0, 0x4cc63182}; static const u32 cIOSblock[16] = {0x2C1800F9, 0x40820008, 0x3B000024}; static const u32 fwritepatch[8] = {0x9421FFD0,0x7C0802A6,0x90010034,0xBF210014,0x7C9B2378,0x7CDC3378,0x7C7A1B78,0x7CB92B78}; // bushing fwrite static const u32 vipatchcode[3] = {0x4182000C,0x4180001C,0x48000018}; const u32 viwiihooks[4] = {0x7CE33B78,0x38870034,0x38A70038,0x38C7004C}; const u32 kpadhooks[4] = {0x9A3F005E,0x38AE0080,0x389FFFFC,0x7E0903A6}; const u32 kpadoldhooks[6] = {0x801D0060, 0x901E0060, 0x801D0064, 0x901E0064, 0x801D0068, 0x901E0068}; const u32 joypadhooks[4] = {0x3AB50001, 0x3A73000C, 0x2C150004, 0x3B18000C}; const u32 gxdrawhooks[4] = {0x3CA0CC01, 0x38000061, 0x3C804500, 0x98058000}; const u32 gxflushhooks[4] = {0x90010014, 0x800305FC, 0x2C000000, 0x41820008}; const u32 ossleepthreadhooks[4] = {0x90A402E0, 0x806502E4, 0x908502E4, 0x2C030000}; const u32 axnextframehooks[4] = {0x3800000E, 0x7FE3FB78, 0xB0050000, 0x38800080}; const u32 wpadbuttonsdownhooks[4] = {0x7D6B4A14, 0x816B0010, 0x7D635B78, 0x4E800020}; const u32 wpadbuttonsdown2hooks[4] = {0x7D6B4A14, 0x800B0010, 0x7C030378, 0x4E800020}; const u32 multidolhooks[4] = {0x7C0004AC, 0x4C00012C, 0x7FE903A6, 0x4E800420}; const u32 multidolchanhooks[4] = {0x4200FFF4, 0x48000004, 0x38800000, 0x4E800020}; const u32 langpatch[3] = {0x7C600775, 0x40820010, 0x38000000}; static const u32 oldpatch002[3] = {0x2C000000, 0x40820214, 0x3C608000}; static const u32 newpatch002[3] = {0x2C000000, 0x48000214, 0x3C608000}; unsigned char sig_fwrite[32] = { 0x94, 0x21, 0xFF, 0xD0, 0x7C, 0x08, 0x02, 0xA6, 0x90, 0x01, 0x00, 0x34, 0xBF, 0x21, 0x00, 0x14, 0x7C, 0x9B, 0x23, 0x78, 0x7C, 0xDC, 0x33, 0x78, 0x7C, 0x7A, 0x1B, 0x78, 0x7C, 0xB9, 0x2B, 0x78, } ; unsigned char patch_fwrite[144] = { 0x7C, 0x85, 0x21, 0xD7, 0x40, 0x81, 0x00, 0x84, 0x3C, 0xE0, 0xCD, 0x00, 0x3D, 0x40, 0xCD, 0x00, 0x3D, 0x60, 0xCD, 0x00, 0x60, 0xE7, 0x68, 0x14, 0x61, 0x4A, 0x68, 0x24, 0x61, 0x6B, 0x68, 0x20, 0x38, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0x06, 0x18, 0xAE, 0x54, 0x00, 0xA0, 0x16, 0x64, 0x08, 0xB0, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0xD0, 0x90, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x06, 0xAC, 0x91, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x06, 0xAC, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x19, 0x90, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x06, 0xAC, 0x80, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x04, 0xAC, 0x70, 0x09, 0x00, 0x01, 0x40, 0x82, 0xFF, 0xF4, 0x80, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x04, 0xAC, 0x39, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x91, 0x27, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x06, 0xAC, 0x74, 0x09, 0x04, 0x00, 0x41, 0x82, 0xFF, 0xB8, 0x38, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x01, 0x7F, 0x86, 0x20, 0x00, 0x40, 0x9E, 0xFF, 0xA0, 0x7C, 0xA3, 0x2B, 0x78, 0x4E, 0x80, 0x00, 0x20, }; unsigned char sig_setting[40] = { 0x2f, 0x74, 0x69, 0x74, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x2f, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x31, 0x2f, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x32, 0x2f, 0x64, 0x61, 0x74, 0x61, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x65, 0x74, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x2e, 0x74, 0x78, }; unsigned char sig_SYSCONF[20] = { 0x2f, 0x73, 0x68, 0x61, 0x72, 0x65, 0x64, 0x32, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x79, 0x73, 0x2f, 0x53, 0x59, 0x53, 0x43, 0x4f, 0x4e, 0x46, }; //unsigned char patch_SYSCONF[20] = //{ // 0x2f, 0x74, 0x6d, 0x70, // 0x2f, 0x73, 0x79, 0x73, // 0x2f, 0x53, 0x59, 0x53, // 0x43, 0x4f, 0x4e, 0x46, // 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //}; unsigned char patch_SYSCONF[20] = { 0x2f, 0x73, 0x79, 0x73, 0x2f, 0x77, 0x69, 0x69, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x2e, 0x72, 0x65, 0x67, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }; unsigned char patch_setting[44] = { 0x2f, 0x74, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x79, 0x73, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x65, 0x74, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x2e, 0x74, 0x78, 0x74, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }; bool dogamehooks(void *addr, u32 len, bool channel) { /* 0 No Hook 1 VBI 2 KPAD read 3 Joypad Hook 4 GXDraw Hook 5 GXFlush Hook 6 OSSleepThread Hook 7 AXNextFrame Hook */ void *addr_start = addr; void *addr_end = addr+len; bool hookpatched = false; while(addr_start < addr_end) { switch(hooktype) { case 0x00: hookpatched = true; break; case 0x01: if(memcmp(addr_start, viwiihooks, sizeof(viwiihooks))==0) { patchhook((u32)addr_start, len); hookpatched = true; } break; case 0x02: if(memcmp(addr_start, kpadhooks, sizeof(kpadhooks))==0) { patchhook((u32)addr_start, len); hookpatched = true; } if(memcmp(addr_start, kpadoldhooks, sizeof(kpadoldhooks))==0) { patchhook((u32)addr_start, len); hookpatched = true; } break; case 0x03: if(memcmp(addr_start, joypadhooks, sizeof(joypadhooks))==0) { patchhook((u32)addr_start, len); hookpatched = true; } break; case 0x04: if(memcmp(addr_start, gxdrawhooks, sizeof(gxdrawhooks))==0) { patchhook((u32)addr_start, len); hookpatched = true; } break; case 0x05: if(memcmp(addr_start, gxflushhooks, sizeof(gxflushhooks))==0) { patchhook((u32)addr_start, len); hookpatched = true; } break; case 0x06: if(memcmp(addr_start, ossleepthreadhooks, sizeof(ossleepthreadhooks))==0) { patchhook((u32)addr_start, len); hookpatched = true; } break; case 0x07: if(memcmp(addr_start, axnextframehooks, sizeof(axnextframehooks))==0) { patchhook((u32)addr_start, len); hookpatched = true; } break; case 0x08: /* if(memcmp(addr_start, customhook, customhooksize)==0) { patchhook((u32)addr_start, len); hookpatched = true; } */ break; } if (hooktype != 0) { if(channel && memcmp(addr_start, multidolchanhooks, sizeof(multidolchanhooks))==0) { *(((u32*)addr_start)+1) = 0x7FE802A6; DCFlushRange(((u32*)addr_start)+1, 4); multidolhook((u32)addr_start+sizeof(multidolchanhooks)-4); hookpatched = true; } else if(!channel && memcmp(addr_start, multidolhooks, sizeof(multidolhooks))==0) { multidolhook((u32)addr_start+sizeof(multidolhooks)-4); hookpatched = true; } } addr_start += 4; } return hookpatched; } void langpatcher(void *addr, u32 len) { void *addr_start = addr; void *addr_end = addr+len; while(addr_start < addr_end) { if(memcmp(addr_start, langpatch, sizeof(langpatch))==0) if(configbytes[0] != 0xCD) langvipatch((u32)addr_start, len, configbytes[0]); addr_start += 4; } } void vidolpatcher(void *addr, u32 len) { void *addr_start = addr; void *addr_end = addr+len; while(addr_start < addr_end) { if(memcmp(addr_start, vipatchcode, sizeof(vipatchcode))==0) vipatch((u32)addr_start, len); addr_start += 4; } } void PatchVideoSneek(void *addr, u32 len) { u8 *addr_start = addr; u8 *addr_end = addr+len; while(addr_start < addr_end) { if(*(vu32*)(addr_start) == 0x3C608000) { if(((*(vu32*)(addr_start+4) & 0xFC1FFFFF ) == 0x800300CC) && ((*(vu32*)(addr_start+8) >> 24) == 0x54)) *(vu32*)(addr_start+4) = 0x5400F0BE | ((*(vu32*)(addr_start+4) & 0x3E00000) >> 5); } addr_start += 4; } } //giantpune's magic super patch to return to channels static u32 ad[ 4 ] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };//these variables are global on the off chance the different parts needed static u8 found = 0; //to find in the dol are found in different sections of the dol static u8 returnToPatched = 0; bool PatchReturnTo( void *Address, int Size, u32 id ) { if( !id || returnToPatched ) return 0; //gprintf("PatchReturnTo( %p, %08x, %08x )\n", Address, Size, id ); //new __OSLoadMenu() (SM2.0 and higher) u8 SearchPattern[ 12 ] = { 0x38, 0x80, 0x00, 0x02, 0x38, 0x60, 0x00, 0x01, 0x38, 0xa0, 0x00, 0x00 }; //li r4,2 //li r3,1 //li r5,0 //old _OSLoadMenu() (used in launch games) u8 SearchPatternB[ 12 ] = { 0x38, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x02, 0x38, 0xA0, 0x00, 0x01, 0x38, 0xE0, 0x00, 0x00 }; //li r6,2 //li r5,1 //li r7,0 //identifier for the safe place u8 SearchPattern2[ 12 ] = { 0x4D, 0x65, 0x74, 0x72, 0x6F, 0x77, 0x65, 0x72, 0x6B, 0x73, 0x20, 0x54 }; //"Metrowerks T" u8 oldSDK = 0; found = 0; void *Addr = Address; void *Addr_end = Address+Size; while (Addr <= Addr_end - 12 ) { //find a safe place or the patch to hang out if ( ! ad[ 3 ] && memcmp( Addr, SearchPattern2, 12 ) == 0 ) { ad[ 3 ] = (u32)Addr + 0x30; } //find __OSLaunchMenu() and remember some addresses in it else if ( memcmp( Addr, SearchPattern, 12 )==0 ) { ad[ found++ ] = (u32)Addr; } else if ( ad[ 0 ] && memcmp( Addr, SearchPattern, 8 )==0 ) //after the first match is found, only search the first 8 bytes for the other 2 { if( !ad[ 1 ] ) ad[ found++ ] = (u32)Addr; else if( !ad[ 2 ] ) ad[ found++ ] = (u32)Addr; if( found >= 3 )break; } Addr += 4; } //check for the older-ass version of the SDK if( found < 3 && ad[ 3 ] ) { Addr = Address; ad[ 0 ] = 0; ad[ 1 ] = 0; ad[ 2 ] = 0; found = 0; oldSDK = 1; while (Addr <= Addr_end - 12 ) { //find __OSLaunchMenu() and remember some addresses in it if ( memcmp( Addr, SearchPatternB, 12 )==0 ) { ad[ found++ ] = (u32)Addr; } else if ( ad[ 0 ] && memcmp( Addr, SearchPatternB, 8 ) == 0 ) //after the first match is found, only search the first 8 bytes for the other 2 { if( !ad[ 1 ] ) ad[ found++ ] = (u32)Addr; else if( !ad[ 2 ] ) ad[ found++ ] = (u32)Addr; if( found >= 3 )break; } Addr += 4; } } //if the function is found if( found == 3 && ad[ 3 ] ) { gprintf("patch __OSLaunchMenu( 0x00010001, 0x%08x )\n", id); u32 nop = 0x60000000; //the magic that writes the TID to the registers u8 jump[ 20 ] = { 0x3C, 0x60, 0x00, 0x01, //lis r3,1 0x60, 0x63, 0x00, 0x01, //ori r3,r3,1 0x3C, 0x80, (u8)( id >> 24 ), (u8)( id >> 16 ), //lis r4,(u16)(tid >> 16) 0x60, 0x84, (u8)( id >> 8 ), (u8)id, //ori r4,r4,(u16)(tid) 0x4E, 0x80, 0x00, 0x20 }; //blr if( oldSDK ) { jump[ 1 ] = 0xA0; //3CA00001 //lis r5,1 jump[ 5 ] = 0xA5; //60A50001 //ori r5,r5,1 jump[ 9 ] = 0xC0; //3CC0AF1B //lis r6,(u16)(tid >> 16) jump[ 13 ] = 0xC6;//60C6F516 //ori r6,r6,(u16)(tid) } void* addr = (u32*)ad[ 3 ]; //write new stuff to in a unused part of the main.dol memcpy( addr, jump, sizeof( jump ) ); //ES_GetTicketViews() u32 newval = ( ad[ 3 ] - ad[ 0 ] ); newval &= 0x03FFFFFC; newval |= 0x48000001; addr = (u32*)ad[ 0 ]; memcpy( addr, &newval, sizeof( u32 ) ); //bl ad[ 3 ] memcpy( addr + 4, &nop, sizeof( u32 ) ); //nop //gprintf("\t%08x -> %08x\n", addr, newval ); //ES_GetTicketViews() again newval = ( ad[ 3 ] - ad[ 1 ] ); newval &= 0x03FFFFFC; newval |= 0x48000001; addr = (u32*)ad[ 1 ]; memcpy( addr, &newval, sizeof( u32 ) ); //bl ad[ 3 ] memcpy( addr + 4, &nop, sizeof( u32 ) ); //nop //gprintf("\t%08x -> %08x\n", addr, newval ); //ES_LaunchTitle() newval = ( ad[ 3 ] - ad[ 2 ] ); newval &= 0x03FFFFFC; newval |= 0x48000001; addr = (u32*)ad[ 2 ]; memcpy( addr, &newval, sizeof( u32 ) ); //bl ad[ 3 ] memcpy( addr + 4, &nop, sizeof( u32 ) ); //nop //gprintf("\t%08x -> %08x\n", addr, newval ); returnToPatched = 1; } return returnToPatched; } void PatchAspectRatio(void *addr, u32 len, u8 aspect) { if(aspect > 1) return; static const u32 aspect_searchpattern1[5] = { 0x9421FFF0, 0x7C0802A6, 0x38800001, 0x90010014, 0x38610008 }; static const u32 aspect_searchpattern2[15] = { 0x2C030000, 0x40820010, 0x38000000, 0x98010008, 0x48000018, 0x88010008, 0x28000001, 0x4182000C, 0x38000000, 0x98010008, 0x80010014, 0x88610008, 0x7C0803A6, 0x38210010, 0x4E800020 }; u8 *addr_start = (u8 *) addr; u8 *addr_end = addr_start + len - sizeof(aspect_searchpattern1) - 4 - sizeof(aspect_searchpattern2); while(addr_start < addr_end) { if( (memcmp(addr_start, aspect_searchpattern1, sizeof(aspect_searchpattern1)) == 0) && (memcmp(addr_start + 4 + sizeof(aspect_searchpattern1), aspect_searchpattern2, sizeof(aspect_searchpattern2)) == 0)) { *((u32 *)(addr_start+0x44)) = (0x38600000 | aspect); break; } addr_start += 4; } } void Patch_fwrite(void *Address, int Size) { u8 *addr_start = (u8*)Address; u8 *addr_end = (u8*)(Address + Size) - sizeof(patch_fwrite); while(addr_start < addr_end) { if(memcmp(addr_start, sig_fwrite, sizeof(sig_fwrite)) == 0) memcpy(addr_start, patch_fwrite, sizeof(patch_fwrite)); addr_start += 4; } } void PatchCountryStrings(void *Address, int Size) { u8 SearchPattern[4] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}; u8 PatchData[4] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}; u8 *Addr = (u8*)Address; int wiiregion = CONF_GetRegion(); switch(wiiregion) { case CONF_REGION_JP: SearchPattern[0] = 0x00; SearchPattern[1] = 'J'; SearchPattern[2] = 'P'; break; case CONF_REGION_EU: SearchPattern[0] = 0x02; SearchPattern[1] = 'E'; SearchPattern[2] = 'U'; break; case CONF_REGION_KR: SearchPattern[0] = 0x04; SearchPattern[1] = 'K'; SearchPattern[2] = 'R'; break; case CONF_REGION_CN: SearchPattern[0] = 0x05; SearchPattern[1] = 'C'; SearchPattern[2] = 'N'; break; case CONF_REGION_US: default: SearchPattern[0] = 0x01; SearchPattern[1] = 'U'; SearchPattern[2] = 'S'; } const char DiscRegion = ((u8*)Disc_ID)[3]; switch(DiscRegion) { case 'J': PatchData[1] = 'J'; PatchData[2] = 'P'; break; case 'D': case 'F': case 'P': case 'X': case 'Y': PatchData[1] = 'E'; PatchData[2] = 'U'; break; case 'E': default: PatchData[1] = 'U'; PatchData[2] = 'S'; } while (Size >= 4) { if(Addr[0] == SearchPattern[0] && Addr[1] == SearchPattern[1] && Addr[2] == SearchPattern[2] && Addr[3] == SearchPattern[3]) { //*Addr = PatchData[0]; Addr += 1; *Addr = PatchData[1]; Addr += 1; *Addr = PatchData[2]; Addr += 1; //*Addr = PatchData[3]; Addr += 1; Size -= 4; } else { Addr += 4; Size -= 4; } } } s32 BlockIOSReload(void) { /* Open ES Module */ s32 ESHandle = IOS_Open("/dev/es", 0); /* IOS Reload Block */ static ioctlv block_vector[2] ATTRIBUTE_ALIGN(32); static u32 mode ATTRIBUTE_ALIGN(32); static u32 ios ATTRIBUTE_ALIGN(32); mode = 2; block_vector[0].data = &mode; block_vector[0].len = sizeof(u32); ios = IOS_GetVersion(); block_vector[1].data = &ios; block_vector[1].len = sizeof(u32); s32 ret = IOS_Ioctlv(ESHandle, 0xA0, 2, 0, block_vector); /* Close ES Module */ IOS_Close(ESHandle); return ret; } void PatchRegion(void *Address, int Size) { u8 *addr_start = (u8*)Address; u8 *addr_end = (u8*)(Address + Size); while(addr_start < addr_end) { if(!memcmp(addr_start, sig_setting, sizeof(sig_setting))) { gprintf("Patching setting region\n"); memcpy(addr_start, patch_setting, sizeof(patch_setting)); } if(!memcmp(addr_start, sig_SYSCONF, sizeof(sig_SYSCONF))) { gprintf("Patching SYSCONF region\n"); memcpy(addr_start, patch_SYSCONF, sizeof(patch_SYSCONF)); } addr_start += 4; } } /** Patch URLs for private Servers - Thanks to ULGX **/ void PrivateServerPatcher(void *addr, u32 len) { // Patch protocol https -> http char *cur = (char *)addr; const char *end = cur + len - 8; do { if (memcmp(cur, "https://", 8) == 0 && cur[8] != 0) { int len = strlen(cur); memmove(cur + 4, cur + 5, len - 5); cur[len - 1] = 0; cur += len; } } while (++cur < end); domainpatcher(addr, len, "wiimmfi.de"); } void domainpatcher(void *addr, u32 len, const char* domain) { if(strlen("nintendowifi.net") < strlen(domain)) return; char *cur = (char *)addr; const char *end = cur + len - 16; do { if (memcmp(cur, "nintendowifi.net", 16) == 0) { int len = strlen(cur); u8 i; memcpy(cur, domain, strlen(domain)); memmove(cur + strlen(domain), cur + 16, len - 16); for(i = 16 - strlen(domain); i > 0 ; i--) cur[len - i ] = 0; cur += len; } } while (++cur < end); }