frodo-wii/Src/CPU1541.cpp

/*
 *  CPU1541.cpp - 6502 (1541) emulation (line based)
 *
 *  Frodo (C) 1994-1997,2002 Christian Bauer
 *

 *
 * Notes:
 * ------
 *
 *  - The EmulateLine() function is called for every emulated
 *    raster line. It has a cycle counter that is decremented
 *    by every executed opcode and if the counter goes below
 *    zero, the function returns.
 *  - Memory map (1541C, the 1541 and 1541-II are a bit different):
 *      $0000-$07ff RAM (2K)
 *      $0800-$0fff RAM mirror
 *      $1000-$17ff free
 *      $1800-$1bff VIA 1
 *      $1c00-$1fff VIA 2
 *      $2000-$bfff free
 *      $c000-$ffff ROM (16K)
 *  - All memory accesses are done with the read_byte() and
 *    write_byte() functions which also do the memory address
 *    decoding. The read_zp() and write_zp() functions allow
 *    faster access to the zero page, the pop_byte() and
 *    push_byte() macros for the stack.
 *  - The PC is either emulated with a 16 bit address or a
 *    direct memory pointer (for faster access), depending on
 *    the PC_IS_POINTER #define. In the latter case, a second
 *    pointer, pc_base, is kept to allow recalculating the
 *    16 bit 6502 PC if it has to be pushed on the stack.
 *  - The possible interrupt sources are:
 *      INT_VIA1IRQ: I flag is checked, jump to ($fffe) (unused)
 *      INT_VIA2IRQ: I flag is checked, jump to ($fffe) (unused)
 *      INT_IECIRQ: I flag is checked, jump to ($fffe) (unused)
 *      INT_RESET: Jump to ($fffc)
 *  - Interrupts are not checked before every opcode but only
 *    at certain times:
 *      On entering EmulateLine()
 *      On CLI
 *      On PLP if the I flag was cleared
 *      On RTI if the I flag was cleared
 *  - The z_flag variable has the inverse meaning of the
 *    6502 Z flag
 *  - Only the highest bit of the n_flag variable is used
 *  - The $f2 opcode that would normally crash the 6502 is
 *    used to implement emulator-specific functions
 *  - The 1541 6502 emulation also includes a very simple VIA
 *    emulation (enough to make the IEC bus and GCR loading work).
 *    It's too small to move it to a source file of its own.
 *
 * Incompatibilities:
 * ------------------
 *
 *  - If PC_IS_POINTER is set, neither branches accross memory
 *    areas nor jumps to I/O space are possible
 *  - Extra cycles for crossing page boundaries are not
 *    accounted for
 */

#include "sysdeps.h"

#include "CPU1541.h"
#include "1541job.h"
#include "C64.h"
#include "CIA.h"
#include "Display.h"


enum {
	INT_RESET = 3
};


/*
 *  6502 constructor: Initialize registers
 */

MOS6502_1541::MOS6502_1541(C64 *c64, Job1541 *job, C64Display *disp, uint8 *Ram, uint8 *Rom)
 : ram(Ram), rom(Rom), the_c64(c64), the_display(disp), the_job(job)
{
	a = x = y = 0;
	sp = 0xff;
	n_flag = z_flag = 0;
	v_flag = d_flag = c_flag = false;
	i_flag = true;

	borrowed_cycles = 0;

	via1_t1c = via1_t1l = via1_t2c = via1_t2l = 0;
	via1_sr = 0;
	via2_t1c = via2_t1l = via2_t2c = via2_t2l = 0;
	via2_sr = 0;

	Idle = false;
}


/*
 *  Reset CPU asynchronously
 */

void MOS6502_1541::AsyncReset(void)
{
	interrupt.intr[INT_RESET] = true;
	Idle = false;
}


/*
 *  Read a byte from I/O space
 */

inline uint8 MOS6502_1541::read_byte_io(uint16 adr)
{
	if ((adr & 0xfc00) == 0x1800)	// VIA 1
		switch (adr & 0xf) {
			case 0:
				return (via1_prb & 0x1a
					| ((IECLines & TheCIA2->IECLines) >> 7)		// DATA
					| ((IECLines & TheCIA2->IECLines) >> 4) & 0x04	// CLK
					| (TheCIA2->IECLines << 3) & 0x80) ^ 0x85;		// ATN
			case 1:
			case 15:
				return 0xff;	// Keep 1541C ROMs happy (track 0 sensor)
			case 2:
				return via1_ddrb;
			case 3:
				return via1_ddra;
			case 4:
				via1_ifr &= 0xbf;
				return via1_t1c;
			case 5:
				return via1_t1c >> 8;
			case 6:
				return via1_t1l;
			case 7:
				return via1_t1l >> 8;
			case 8:
				via1_ifr &= 0xdf;
				return via1_t2c;
			case 9:
				return via1_t2c >> 8;
			case 10:
				return via1_sr;
			case 11:
				return via1_acr;
			case 12:
				return via1_pcr;
			case 13:
				return via1_ifr | (via1_ifr & via1_ier ? 0x80 : 0);
			case 14:
				return via1_ier | 0x80;
			default:	// Can't happen
				return 0;
		}

	else if ((adr & 0xfc00) == 0x1c00)	// VIA 2
		switch (adr & 0xf) {
			case 0:
				if (the_job->SyncFound())
					return via2_prb & 0x7f | the_job->WPState();
				else
					return via2_prb | 0x80 | the_job->WPState();
			case 1:
			case 15:
				return the_job->ReadGCRByte();
			case 2:
				return via2_ddrb;
			case 3:
				return via2_ddra;
			case 4:
				via2_ifr &= 0xbf;
				interrupt.intr[INT_VIA2IRQ] = false;	// Clear job IRQ
				return via2_t1c;
			case 5:
				return via2_t1c >> 8;
			case 6:
				return via2_t1l;
			case 7:
				return via2_t1l >> 8;
			case 8:
				via2_ifr &= 0xdf;
				return via2_t2c;
			case 9:
				return via2_t2c >> 8;
			case 10:
				return via2_sr;
			case 11:
				return via2_acr;
			case 12:
				return via2_pcr;
			case 13:
				return via2_ifr | (via2_ifr & via2_ier ? 0x80 : 0);
			case 14:
				return via2_ier | 0x80;
			default:	// Can't happen
				return 0;
		}

	else
		return adr >> 8;
}


/*
 *  Read a byte from the CPU's address space
 */

uint8 MOS6502_1541::read_byte(uint16 adr)
{
	if (adr >= 0xc000)
		return rom[adr & 0x3fff];
	else if (adr < 0x1000)
		return ram[adr & 0x07ff];
	else
		return read_byte_io(adr);
}


/*
 *  Read a word (little-endian) from the CPU's address space
 */

inline uint16 MOS6502_1541::read_word(uint16 adr)
{
	return read_byte(adr) | (read_byte(adr+1) << 8);
}


/*
 *  Write a byte to I/O space
 */

void MOS6502_1541::write_byte_io(uint16 adr, uint8 byte)
{
	if ((adr & 0xfc00) == 0x1800)	// VIA 1
		switch (adr & 0xf) {
			case 0:
				via1_prb = byte;
				byte = ~via1_prb & via1_ddrb;
				IECLines = (byte << 6) & ((~byte ^ TheCIA2->IECLines) << 3) & 0x80
					| (byte << 3) & 0x40;
				break;
			case 1:
			case 15:
				via1_pra = byte;
				break;
			case 2:
				via1_ddrb = byte;
				byte &= ~via1_prb;
				IECLines = (byte << 6) & ((~byte ^ TheCIA2->IECLines) << 3) & 0x80
					| (byte << 3) & 0x40;
				break;
			case 3:
				via1_ddra = byte;
				break;
			case 4:
			case 6:
				via1_t1l = via1_t1l & 0xff00 | byte;
				break;
			case 5:
				via1_t1l = via1_t1l & 0xff | (byte << 8);
				via1_ifr &= 0xbf;
				via1_t1c = via1_t1l;
				break;
			case 7:
				via1_t1l = via1_t1l & 0xff | (byte << 8);
				break;
			case 8:
				via1_t2l = via1_t2l & 0xff00 | byte;
				break;
			case 9:
				via1_t2l = via1_t2l & 0xff | (byte << 8);
				via1_ifr &= 0xdf;
				via1_t2c = via1_t2l;
				break;
			case 10:
				via1_sr = byte;
				break;
			case 11:
				via1_acr = byte;
				break;
			case 12:
				via1_pcr = byte;
				break;
			case 13:
				via1_ifr &= ~byte;
				break;
			case 14:
				if (byte & 0x80)
					via1_ier |= byte & 0x7f;
				else
					via1_ier &= ~byte;
				break;
		}

	else if ((adr & 0xfc00) == 0x1c00)	// VIA 2
		switch (adr & 0xf) {
			case 0:
				if ((via2_prb ^ byte) & 8)	// Bit 3: Drive LED
					the_display->UpdateLEDs(byte & 8 ? 1 : 0, 0, 0, 0);
				if ((via2_prb ^ byte) & 3)	// Bits 0/1: Stepper motor
					if ((via2_prb & 3) == ((byte+1) & 3))
						the_job->MoveHeadOut();
					else if ((via2_prb & 3) == ((byte-1) & 3))
						the_job->MoveHeadIn();
				via2_prb = byte & 0xef;
				break;
			case 1:
			case 15:
				via2_pra = byte;
				break;
			case 2:
				via2_ddrb = byte;
				break;
			case 3:
				via2_ddra = byte;
				break;
			case 4:
			case 6:
				via2_t1l = via2_t1l & 0xff00 | byte;
				break;
			case 5:
				via2_t1l = via2_t1l & 0xff | (byte << 8);
				via2_ifr &= 0xbf;
				via2_t1c = via2_t1l;
				break;
			case 7:
				via2_t1l = via2_t1l & 0xff | (byte << 8);
				break;
			case 8:
				via2_t2l = via2_t2l & 0xff00 | byte;
				break;
			case 9:
				via2_t2l = via2_t2l & 0xff | (byte << 8);
				via2_ifr &= 0xdf;
				via2_t2c = via2_t2l;
				break;
			case 10:
				via2_sr = byte;
				break;
			case 11:
				via2_acr = byte;
				break;
			case 12:
				via2_pcr = byte;
				break;
			case 13:
				via2_ifr &= ~byte;
				break;
			case 14:
				if (byte & 0x80)
					via2_ier |= byte & 0x7f;
				else
					via2_ier &= ~byte;
				break;
		}
}


/*
 *  Write a byte to the CPU's address space
 */

inline void MOS6502_1541::write_byte(uint16 adr, uint8 byte)
{
	if (adr < 0x1000)
		ram[adr & 0x7ff] = byte;
	else
		write_byte_io(adr, byte);
}


/*
 *  Read a byte from the zeropage
 */

inline uint8 MOS6502_1541::read_zp(uint16 adr)
{
	return ram[adr];
}


/*
 *  Read a word (little-endian) from the zeropage
 */

inline uint16 MOS6502_1541::read_zp_word(uint16 adr)
{
	return ram[adr & 0xff] | (ram[(adr+1) & 0xff] << 8);
}


/*
 *  Write a byte to the zeropage
 */

inline void MOS6502_1541::write_zp(uint16 adr, uint8 byte)
{
	ram[adr] = byte;
}


/*
 *  Read byte from 6502/1541 address space (used by SAM)
 */

uint8 MOS6502_1541::ExtReadByte(uint16 adr)
{
	return read_byte(adr);
}


/*
 *  Write byte to 6502/1541 address space (used by SAM)
 */

void MOS6502_1541::ExtWriteByte(uint16 adr, uint8 byte)
{
	write_byte(adr, byte);
}


/*
 *  Jump to address
 */

#if PC_IS_POINTER
void MOS6502_1541::jump(uint16 adr)
{
	if (adr >= 0xc000) {
		pc = rom + (adr & 0x3fff);
		pc_base = rom - 0xc000;
	} else if (adr < 0x800) {
		pc = ram + adr;
		pc_base = ram;
	} else
		illegal_jump(pc-pc_base, adr);
}
#else
inline void MOS6502_1541::jump(uint16 adr)
{
	pc = adr;
}
#endif


/*
 *  Adc instruction
 */

void MOS6502_1541::do_adc(uint8 byte)
{
	if (!d_flag) {
		uint16 tmp;

		// Binary mode
		tmp = a + byte + (c_flag ? 1 : 0);
		c_flag = tmp > 0xff;
		v_flag = !((a ^ byte) & 0x80) && ((a ^ tmp) & 0x80);
		z_flag = n_flag = a = tmp;

	} else {
		uint16 al, ah;

		// Decimal mode
		al = (a & 0x0f) + (byte & 0x0f) + (c_flag ? 1 : 0);	// Calculate lower nybble
		if (al > 9) al += 6;									// BCD fixup for lower nybble

		ah = (a >> 4) + (byte >> 4);							// Calculate upper nybble
		if (al > 0x0f) ah++;

		z_flag = a + byte + (c_flag ? 1 : 0);					// Set flags
		n_flag = ah << 4;	// Only highest bit used
		v_flag = (((ah << 4) ^ a) & 0x80) && !((a ^ byte) & 0x80);

		if (ah > 9) ah += 6;									// BCD fixup for upper nybble
		c_flag = ah > 0x0f;										// Set carry flag
		a = (ah << 4) | (al & 0x0f);							// Compose result
	}
}


/*
 * Sbc instruction
 */

void MOS6502_1541::do_sbc(uint8 byte)
{
	uint16 tmp = a - byte - (c_flag ? 0 : 1);

	if (!d_flag) {

		// Binary mode
		c_flag = tmp < 0x100;
		v_flag = ((a ^ tmp) & 0x80) && ((a ^ byte) & 0x80);
		z_flag = n_flag = a = tmp;

	} else {
		uint16 al, ah;

		// Decimal mode
		al = (a & 0x0f) - (byte & 0x0f) - (c_flag ? 0 : 1);		// Calculate lower nybble
		ah = (a >> 4) - (byte >> 4);							// Calculate upper nybble
		if (al & 0x10) {
			al -= 6;											// BCD fixup for lower nybble
			ah--;
		}
		if (ah & 0x10) ah -= 6;									// BCD fixup for upper nybble

		c_flag = tmp < 0x100;									// Set flags
		v_flag = ((a ^ tmp) & 0x80) && ((a ^ byte) & 0x80);
		z_flag = n_flag = tmp;

		a = (ah << 4) | (al & 0x0f);							// Compose result
	}
}


/*
 *  Get 6502 register state
 */

void MOS6502_1541::GetState(MOS6502State *s)
{
	s->a = a;
	s->x = x;
	s->y = y;

	s->p = 0x20 | (n_flag & 0x80);
	if (v_flag) s->p |= 0x40;
	if (d_flag) s->p |= 0x08;
	if (i_flag) s->p |= 0x04;
	if (!z_flag) s->p |= 0x02;
	if (c_flag) s->p |= 0x01;
	
#if PC_IS_POINTER
	s->pc = pc - pc_base;
#else
	s->pc = pc;
#endif
	s->sp = sp | 0x0100;

	s->intr[INT_VIA1IRQ] = interrupt.intr[INT_VIA1IRQ];
	s->intr[INT_VIA2IRQ] = interrupt.intr[INT_VIA2IRQ];
	s->intr[INT_IECIRQ] = interrupt.intr[INT_IECIRQ];
	s->intr[INT_RESET] = interrupt.intr[INT_RESET];
	s->instruction_complete = true;
	s->idle = Idle;

	s->via1_pra = via1_pra; s->via1_ddra = via1_ddra;
	s->via1_prb = via1_prb; s->via1_ddrb = via1_ddrb;
	s->via1_t1c = via1_t1c; s->via1_t1l = via1_t1l;
	s->via1_t2c = via1_t2c; s->via1_t2l = via1_t2l;
	s->via1_sr = via1_sr;
	s->via1_acr = via1_acr; s->via1_pcr = via1_pcr;
	s->via1_ifr = via1_ifr; s->via1_ier = via1_ier;

	s->via2_pra = via2_pra; s->via2_ddra = via2_ddra;
	s->via2_prb = via2_prb; s->via2_ddrb = via2_ddrb;
	s->via2_t1c = via2_t1c; s->via2_t1l = via2_t1l;
	s->via2_t2c = via2_t2c; s->via2_t2l = via2_t2l;
	s->via2_sr = via2_sr;
	s->via2_acr = via2_acr; s->via2_pcr = via2_pcr;
	s->via2_ifr = via2_ifr; s->via2_ier = via2_ier;
}


/*
 *  Restore 6502 state
 */

void MOS6502_1541::SetState(MOS6502State *s)
{
	a = s->a;
	x = s->x;
	y = s->y;

	n_flag = s->p;
	v_flag = s->p & 0x40;
	d_flag = s->p & 0x08;
	i_flag = s->p & 0x04;
	z_flag = !(s->p & 0x02);
	c_flag = s->p & 0x01;

	jump(s->pc);
	sp = s->sp & 0xff;

	interrupt.intr[INT_VIA1IRQ] = s->intr[INT_VIA1IRQ];
	interrupt.intr[INT_VIA2IRQ] = s->intr[INT_VIA2IRQ];
	interrupt.intr[INT_IECIRQ] = s->intr[INT_IECIRQ];
	interrupt.intr[INT_RESET] = s->intr[INT_RESET];
	Idle = s->idle;

	via1_pra = s->via1_pra; via1_ddra = s->via1_ddra;
	via1_prb = s->via1_prb; via1_ddrb = s->via1_ddrb;
	via1_t1c = s->via1_t1c; via1_t1l = s->via1_t1l;
	via1_t2c = s->via1_t2c; via1_t2l = s->via1_t2l;
	via1_sr = s->via1_sr;
	via1_acr = s->via1_acr; via1_pcr = s->via1_pcr;
	via1_ifr = s->via1_ifr; via1_ier = s->via1_ier;

	via2_pra = s->via2_pra; via2_ddra = s->via2_ddra;
	via2_prb = s->via2_prb; via2_ddrb = s->via2_ddrb;
	via2_t1c = s->via2_t1c; via2_t1l = s->via2_t1l;
	via2_t2c = s->via2_t2c; via2_t2l = s->via2_t2l;
	via2_sr = s->via2_sr;
	via2_acr = s->via2_acr; via2_pcr = s->via2_pcr;
	via2_ifr = s->via2_ifr; via2_ier = s->via2_ier;
}


/*
 *  Reset CPU
 */

void MOS6502_1541::Reset(void)
{
	// IEC lines and VIA registers
	IECLines = 0xc0;

	via1_pra = via1_ddra = via1_prb = via1_ddrb = 0;
	via1_acr = via1_pcr = 0;
	via1_ifr = via1_ier = 0;
	via2_pra = via2_ddra = via2_prb = via2_ddrb = 0;
	via2_acr = via2_pcr = 0;
	via2_ifr = via2_ier = 0;

	// Clear all interrupt lines
	interrupt.intr_any = 0;

	// Read reset vector
	jump(read_word(0xfffc));

	// Wake up 1541
	Idle = false;
}


/*
 *  Illegal opcode encountered
 */

void MOS6502_1541::illegal_op(uint8 op, uint16 at)
{
	char illop_msg[80];

	sprintf(illop_msg, "1541: Illegal opcode %02x at %04x.", op, at);
	if (ShowRequester(illop_msg, "Reset 1541", "Reset C64"))
		the_c64->Reset();
	Reset();
}


/*
 *  Jump to illegal address space (PC_IS_POINTER only)
 */

void MOS6502_1541::illegal_jump(uint16 at, uint16 to)
{
	char illop_msg[80];

	sprintf(illop_msg, "1541: Jump to I/O space at %04x to %04x.", at, to);
	if (ShowRequester(illop_msg, "Reset 1541", "Reset C64"))
		the_c64->Reset();
	Reset();
}


/*
 *  Stack macros
 */

// Pop a byte from the stack
#define pop_byte() ram[(++sp) | 0x0100]

// Push a byte onto the stack
#define push_byte(byte) (ram[(sp--) & 0xff | 0x0100] = (byte))

// Pop processor flags from the stack
#define pop_flags() \
	n_flag = tmp = pop_byte(); \
	v_flag = tmp & 0x40; \
	d_flag = tmp & 0x08; \
	i_flag = tmp & 0x04; \
	z_flag = !(tmp & 0x02); \
	c_flag = tmp & 0x01;

// Push processor flags onto the stack
#define push_flags(b_flag) \
	tmp = 0x20 | (n_flag & 0x80); \
	if (v_flag) tmp |= 0x40; \
	if (b_flag) tmp |= 0x10; \
	if (d_flag) tmp |= 0x08; \
	if (i_flag) tmp |= 0x04; \
	if (!z_flag) tmp |= 0x02; \
	if (c_flag) tmp |= 0x01; \
	push_byte(tmp);


/*
 *  Emulate cycles_left worth of 6502 instructions
 *  Returns number of cycles of last instruction
 */

int MOS6502_1541::EmulateLine(int cycles_left)
{
	uint8 tmp, tmp2;
	uint16 adr;
	int last_cycles = 0;

	// Any pending interrupts?
	if (interrupt.intr_any) {
handle_int:
		if (interrupt.intr[INT_RESET])
			Reset();

		else if ((interrupt.intr[INT_VIA1IRQ] || interrupt.intr[INT_VIA2IRQ] || interrupt.intr[INT_IECIRQ]) && !i_flag) {
#if PC_IS_POINTER
			push_byte((pc-pc_base) >> 8); push_byte(pc-pc_base);
#else
			push_byte(pc >> 8); push_byte(pc);
#endif
			push_flags(false);
			i_flag = true;
			jump(read_word(0xfffe));
			last_cycles = 7;
		}
	}

#define IS_CPU_1541
#include "CPU_emulline.i"

		// Extension opcode
		case 0xf2:
#if PC_IS_POINTER
			if ((pc-pc_base) < 0xc000) {
				illegal_op(0xf2, pc-pc_base-1);
#else
			if (pc < 0xc000) {
				illegal_op(0xf2, pc-1);
#endif
				break;
			}
			switch (read_byte_imm()) {
				case 0x00:	// Go to sleep in DOS idle loop if error flag is clear and no command received
					Idle = !(ram[0x26c] | ram[0x7c]);
					jump(0xebff);
					break;
				case 0x01:	// Write sector
					the_job->WriteSector();
					jump(0xf5dc);
					break;
				case 0x02:	// Format track
					the_job->FormatTrack();
					jump(0xfd8b);
					break;
				default:
#if PC_IS_POINTER
					illegal_op(0xf2, pc-pc_base-1);
#else
					illegal_op(0xf2, pc-1);
#endif
					break;
			}
			break;
		}
	}
	return last_cycles;
}