/* * Display_SDL.h - C64 graphics display, emulator window handling, * SDL specific stuff * * Frodo (C) 1994-1997,2002-2009 Christian Bauer * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA */ #include "C64.h" #include "SAM.h" #include "Version.h" #include "CIA.h" #include #if defined(GEKKO) #include #endif // Display surface static Uint8 screen[DISPLAY_X * DISPLAY_Y]; static SDL_Surface *sdl_screen; SDL_Surface *real_screen = NULL; // Keyboard static bool num_locked = false; #if defined(DO_ERROR_BLINK) // For LED error blinking static C64Display *c64_disp; static struct sigaction pulse_sa; static itimerval pulse_tv; #endif // SDL joysticks static SDL_Joystick *joy[2] = {NULL, NULL}; // Colors for speedometer/drive LEDs enum { black = 0, white = 1, fill_gray = 16, shine_gray = 17, shadow_gray = 18, red = 19, green = 20, PALETTE_SIZE = 21 }; /* C64 keyboard matrix: Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 CUD F5 F3 F1 F7 CLR RET DEL 1 SHL E S Z 4 A W 3 2 X T F C 6 D R 5 3 V U H B 8 G Y 7 4 N O K M 0 J I 9 5 , @ : . - L P + 6 / ^ = SHR HOM ; * � 7 R/S Q C= SPC 2 CTL <- 1 */ #define MATRIX(a,b) (((a) << 3) | (b)) /* * Open window */ int init_graphics(void) { Uint32 rmask, gmask, bmask, amask; /* SDL interprets each pixel as a 32-bit number, so our masks must depend on the endianness (byte order) of the machine */ #if SDL_BYTEORDER == SDL_BIG_ENDIAN rmask = 0xff000000; gmask = 0x00ff0000; bmask = 0x0000ff00; amask = 0x000000ff; #else rmask = 0x000000ff; gmask = 0x0000ff00; bmask = 0x00ff0000; amask = 0xff000000; #endif // Open window SDL_ShowCursor(SDL_DISABLE); sdl_screen = SDL_CreateRGBSurface(SDL_SWSURFACE, DISPLAY_X, DISPLAY_Y + 17, 8, rmask, gmask, bmask, amask); if (!sdl_screen) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot allocate surface to draw on: %s\n", SDL_GetError()); exit(1); } real_screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(FULL_DISPLAY_X, FULL_DISPLAY_Y, 8, SDL_DOUBLEBUF); if (!real_screen) { fprintf(stderr, "\n\nCannot initialize video: %s\n", SDL_GetError()); exit(1); } return 1; } /* * Display constructor */ C64Display::C64Display(C64 *the_c64) : TheC64(the_c64) { quit_requested = false; speedometer_string[0] = 0; networktraffic_string[0] = 0; printf("ssof2 %d:%d\n", sizeof(C64Display), sizeof(C64)); // Open window SDL_WM_SetCaption(VERSION_STRING, "Frodo"); // LEDs off for (int i=0; i<4; i++) led_state[i] = old_led_state[i] = LED_OFF; #if defined(DO_ERROR_BLINK) // Start timer for LED error blinking c64_disp = this; pulse_sa.sa_handler = (void (*)(int))pulse_handler; pulse_sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART; sigemptyset(&pulse_sa.sa_mask); sigaction(SIGALRM, &pulse_sa, NULL); pulse_tv.it_interval.tv_sec = 0; pulse_tv.it_interval.tv_usec = 400000; pulse_tv.it_value.tv_sec = 0; pulse_tv.it_value.tv_usec = 400000; setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &pulse_tv, NULL); #endif } /* * Display destructor */ C64Display::~C64Display() { SDL_Quit(); } /* * Prefs may have changed */ void C64Display::NewPrefs(Prefs *prefs) { } /* * Redraw bitmap */ void C64Display::Update(uint8 *src_pixels) { const Uint16 src_pitch = DISPLAY_X; if (ThePrefs.DisplayOption == 0) { const int x_border = (DISPLAY_X - FULL_DISPLAY_X / 2) / 2; const int y_border = (DISPLAY_Y - FULL_DISPLAY_Y / 2) / 2; Uint8 *dst_pixels = (Uint8*)real_screen->pixels; const Uint16 dst_pitch = real_screen->pitch; /* Center, double size */ for (int y = y_border; y < (FULL_DISPLAY_Y/2) + y_border; y++) { for (int x = x_border; x < (FULL_DISPLAY_X / 2 + x_border); x++) { int src_off = y * src_pitch + x; int dst_off = (y * 2 - y_border * 2) * dst_pitch + (x * 2 - x_border * 2); Uint8 v = src_pixels[src_off]; dst_pixels[ dst_off ] = v; dst_pixels[ dst_off + 1 ] = v; dst_pixels[ dst_off + dst_pitch ] = v; dst_pixels[ dst_off + dst_pitch + 1] = v; } } } else { SDL_Rect srcrect = {0, 0, DISPLAY_X, DISPLAY_Y}; SDL_Rect dstrect = {0, 0, FULL_DISPLAY_X, FULL_DISPLAY_Y}; Uint8 *dst_pixels = (Uint8*)sdl_screen->pixels; /* Draw 1-1 */ for (int y = 0; y < DISPLAY_Y; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < DISPLAY_X; x++) { int src_off = y * src_pitch + x; int dst_off = src_off; Uint8 v = src_pixels[src_off]; dst_pixels[ dst_off ] = v; } } /* Stretch */ SDL_SoftStretch(sdl_screen, &srcrect, real_screen, &dstrect); } draw_string(real_screen, 0, 0, networktraffic_string, black, fill_gray); if (TheC64->peer) TheC64->peer->DrawTransferredBlocks(real_screen); SDL_Flip(real_screen); } void C64Display::Update() { this->Update((Uint8*)screen); } /* * Draw string into surface using the C64 ROM font */ void C64Display::draw_string(SDL_Surface *s, int x, int y, const char *str, uint8 front_color, uint8 back_color) { uint8 *pb = (uint8 *)s->pixels + s->pitch*y + x; char c; while ((c = *str++) != 0) { uint8 *q = TheC64->Char + c*8 + 0x800; uint8 *p = pb; for (int y=0; y<8; y++) { uint8 v = *q++; p[0] = (v & 0x80) ? front_color : back_color; p[1] = (v & 0x40) ? front_color : back_color; p[2] = (v & 0x20) ? front_color : back_color; p[3] = (v & 0x10) ? front_color : back_color; p[4] = (v & 0x08) ? front_color : back_color; p[5] = (v & 0x04) ? front_color : back_color; p[6] = (v & 0x02) ? front_color : back_color; p[7] = (v & 0x01) ? front_color : back_color; p += s->pitch; } pb += 8; } } /* * LED error blink */ #if defined(DO_ERROR_BLINK) void C64Display::pulse_handler(...) { for (int i=0; i<4; i++) switch (c64_disp->led_state[i]) { case LED_ERROR_ON: c64_disp->led_state[i] = LED_ERROR_OFF; break; case LED_ERROR_OFF: c64_disp->led_state[i] = LED_ERROR_ON; break; } } #endif /* * Draw speedometer */ void C64Display::Speedometer(int speed) { static int delay = 0; if (delay >= 20) { delay = 0; sprintf(speedometer_string, "%d%%", speed); } else delay++; } void C64Display::NetworkTrafficMeter(float kb_per_s, bool is_throttled) { sprintf(this->networktraffic_string, "%6.2f KB/S%s", kb_per_s, is_throttled ? " THROTTLED" : ""); } /* * Return pointer to bitmap data */ uint8 *C64Display::BitmapBase(void) { return screen; } /* * Return number of bytes per row */ int C64Display::BitmapXMod(void) { return DISPLAY_X; } void C64Display::FakeKeyPress(int kc, uint8 *CIA_key_matrix, uint8 *CIA_rev_matrix) { // Clear matrices for (int i = 0; i < 8; i ++) { CIA_key_matrix[i] = 0xFF; CIA_rev_matrix[i] = 0xFF; } if (kc != -1) this->UpdateKeyMatrix(kc, false, CIA_key_matrix, CIA_rev_matrix, NULL); } void C64Display::UpdateKeyMatrix(int c64_key, bool key_up, uint8 *key_matrix, uint8 *rev_matrix, uint8 *joystick) { bool shifted = c64_key & 0x80; int c64_byte = (c64_key >> 3) & 7; int c64_bit = c64_key & 7; // Handle joystick emulation if (joystick && (c64_key & 0x40)) { c64_key &= 0x1f; if (key_up) *joystick |= c64_key; else *joystick &= ~c64_key; return; } if (key_up) { if (shifted) { key_matrix[6] |= 0x10; rev_matrix[4] |= 0x40; } key_matrix[c64_byte] |= (1 << c64_bit); rev_matrix[c64_bit] |= (1 << c64_byte); } else { if (shifted) { key_matrix[6] &= 0xef; rev_matrix[4] &= 0xbf; } key_matrix[c64_byte] &= ~(1 << c64_bit); rev_matrix[c64_bit] &= ~(1 << c64_byte); } } /* * Poll the keyboard */ void C64Display::TranslateKey(SDLKey key, bool key_up, uint8 *key_matrix, uint8 *rev_matrix, uint8 *joystick) { int c64_key = -1; switch (key) { case SDLK_a: c64_key = MATRIX(1,2); break; case SDLK_b: c64_key = MATRIX(3,4); break; case SDLK_c: c64_key = MATRIX(2,4); break; case SDLK_d: c64_key = MATRIX(2,2); break; case SDLK_e: c64_key = MATRIX(1,6); break; case SDLK_f: c64_key = MATRIX(2,5); break; case SDLK_g: c64_key = MATRIX(3,2); break; case SDLK_h: c64_key = MATRIX(3,5); break; case SDLK_i: c64_key = MATRIX(4,1); break; case SDLK_j: c64_key = MATRIX(4,2); break; case SDLK_k: c64_key = MATRIX(4,5); break; case SDLK_l: c64_key = MATRIX(5,2); break; case SDLK_m: c64_key = MATRIX(4,4); break; case SDLK_n: c64_key = MATRIX(4,7); break; case SDLK_o: c64_key = MATRIX(4,6); break; case SDLK_p: c64_key = MATRIX(5,1); break; case SDLK_q: c64_key = MATRIX(7,6); break; case SDLK_r: c64_key = MATRIX(2,1); break; case SDLK_s: c64_key = MATRIX(1,5); break; case SDLK_t: c64_key = MATRIX(2,6); break; case SDLK_u: c64_key = MATRIX(3,6); break; case SDLK_v: c64_key = MATRIX(3,7); break; case SDLK_w: c64_key = MATRIX(1,1); break; case SDLK_x: c64_key = MATRIX(2,7); break; case SDLK_y: c64_key = MATRIX(3,1); break; case SDLK_z: c64_key = MATRIX(1,4); break; case SDLK_0: c64_key = MATRIX(4,3); break; case SDLK_1: c64_key = MATRIX(7,0); break; case SDLK_2: c64_key = MATRIX(7,3); break; case SDLK_3: c64_key = MATRIX(1,0); break; case SDLK_4: c64_key = MATRIX(1,3); break; case SDLK_5: c64_key = MATRIX(2,0); break; case SDLK_6: c64_key = MATRIX(2,3); break; case SDLK_7: c64_key = MATRIX(3,0); break; case SDLK_8: c64_key = MATRIX(3,3); break; case SDLK_9: c64_key = MATRIX(4,0); break; case SDLK_SPACE: c64_key = MATRIX(7,4); break; case SDLK_BACKQUOTE: c64_key = MATRIX(7,1); break; case SDLK_BACKSLASH: c64_key = MATRIX(6,6); break; case SDLK_COMMA: c64_key = MATRIX(5,7); break; case SDLK_PERIOD: c64_key = MATRIX(5,4); break; case SDLK_MINUS: c64_key = MATRIX(5,0); break; case SDLK_EQUALS: c64_key = MATRIX(5,3); break; case SDLK_LEFTBRACKET: c64_key = MATRIX(5,6); break; case SDLK_RIGHTBRACKET: c64_key = MATRIX(6,1); break; case SDLK_SEMICOLON: c64_key = MATRIX(5,5); break; case SDLK_QUOTE: c64_key = MATRIX(6,2); break; case SDLK_SLASH: c64_key = MATRIX(6,7); break; case SDLK_ESCAPE: c64_key = MATRIX(7,7); break; case SDLK_RETURN: c64_key = MATRIX(0,1); break; case SDLK_BACKSPACE: case SDLK_DELETE: c64_key = MATRIX(0,0); break; case SDLK_INSERT: c64_key = MATRIX(6,3); break; case SDLK_HOME: c64_key = MATRIX(6,3); break; case SDLK_END: c64_key = MATRIX(6,0); break; case SDLK_PAGEUP: c64_key = MATRIX(6,0); break; case SDLK_PAGEDOWN: c64_key = MATRIX(6,5); break; case SDLK_LCTRL: c64_key = 0x10 | 0x40; break; case SDLK_TAB: c64_key = MATRIX(7,2); break; case SDLK_RCTRL: c64_key = MATRIX(7,5); break; case SDLK_LSHIFT: c64_key = MATRIX(1,7); break; case SDLK_RSHIFT: c64_key = MATRIX(6,4); break; case SDLK_LALT: case SDLK_LMETA: c64_key = MATRIX(7,5); break; case SDLK_RALT: case SDLK_RMETA: c64_key = MATRIX(7,5); break; case SDLK_UP: c64_key = 0x01 | 0x40; break; case SDLK_DOWN: c64_key = 0x02 | 0x40; break; case SDLK_LEFT: c64_key = 0x04 | 0x40; break; case SDLK_RIGHT: c64_key = 0x08 | 0x40; break; case SDLK_F1: c64_key = MATRIX(0,4); break; case SDLK_F2: c64_key = MATRIX(0,4) | 0x80; break; case SDLK_F3: c64_key = MATRIX(0,5); break; case SDLK_F4: c64_key = MATRIX(0,5) | 0x80; break; case SDLK_F5: c64_key = MATRIX(0,6); break; case SDLK_F6: c64_key = MATRIX(0,6) | 0x80; break; case SDLK_F7: c64_key = MATRIX(0,3); break; case SDLK_F8: c64_key = MATRIX(0,3) | 0x80; break; case SDLK_KP0: case SDLK_KP5: c64_key = 0x10 | 0x40; break; case SDLK_KP1: c64_key = 0x06 | 0x40; break; case SDLK_KP2: c64_key = 0x02 | 0x40; break; case SDLK_KP3: c64_key = 0x0a | 0x40; break; case SDLK_KP4: c64_key = 0x04 | 0x40; break; case SDLK_KP6: c64_key = 0x08 | 0x40; break; case SDLK_KP7: c64_key = 0x05 | 0x40; break; case SDLK_KP8: c64_key = 0x01 | 0x40; break; case SDLK_KP9: c64_key = 0x09 | 0x40; break; case SDLK_KP_DIVIDE: c64_key = MATRIX(6,7); break; case SDLK_KP_ENTER: c64_key = MATRIX(0,1); break; default: break; } if (c64_key < 0) return; this->UpdateKeyMatrix(c64_key, key_up, key_matrix, rev_matrix, joystick); } void C64Display::PollKeyboard(uint8 *key_matrix, uint8 *rev_matrix, uint8 *joystick) { SDL_Event event; while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)) { switch (event.type) { // Key pressed case SDL_KEYDOWN: switch (event.key.keysym.sym) { case SDLK_F9: // F9: Invoke SAM SAM(TheC64); break; case SDLK_F10: // F10: Quit quit_requested = true; break; case SDLK_F11: // F11: NMI (Restore) TheC64->NMI(); break; case SDLK_F12: // F12: Reset TheC64->Reset(); break; case SDLK_HOME: // Home: Pause and enter menu TheC64->enter_menu(); break; case SDLK_SCROLLOCK: num_locked = true; break; case SDLK_KP_PLUS: // '+' on keypad: Increase SkipFrames ThePrefs.SkipFrames++; break; case SDLK_KP_MINUS: // '-' on keypad: Decrease SkipFrames if (ThePrefs.SkipFrames > 1) ThePrefs.SkipFrames--; break; case SDLK_KP_MULTIPLY: // '*' on keypad: Toggle speed limiter ThePrefs.LimitSpeed = !ThePrefs.LimitSpeed; break; default: TranslateKey(event.key.keysym.sym, false, key_matrix, rev_matrix, joystick); break; } break; // Key released case SDL_KEYUP: if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_SCROLLOCK) num_locked = false; else TranslateKey(event.key.keysym.sym, true, key_matrix, rev_matrix, joystick); break; // Quit Frodo case SDL_QUIT: quit_requested = true; break; } } #if defined(GEKKO) if (SYS_ResetButtonDown() != 0) quit_requested = true; #endif } /* * Check if NumLock is down (for switching the joystick keyboard emulation) */ bool C64Display::NumLock(void) { return num_locked; } /* * Open/close joystick drivers given old and new state of * joystick preferences */ void C64::open_close_joystick(int port, int oldjoy, int newjoy) { #if !defined(GEKKO) if (oldjoy != newjoy) { joy_minx[port] = joy_miny[port] = 32767; // Reset calibration joy_maxx[port] = joy_maxy[port] = -32768; if (newjoy) { joy[port] = SDL_JoystickOpen(newjoy - 1); if (joy[port] == NULL) fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open joystick %d\n", port + 1); } else { if (joy[port]) { SDL_JoystickClose(joy[port]); joy[port] = NULL; } } } #endif } void C64::open_close_joysticks(int oldjoy1, int oldjoy2, int newjoy1, int newjoy2) { open_close_joystick(0, oldjoy1, newjoy1); open_close_joystick(1, oldjoy2, newjoy2); } /* * Poll joystick port, return CIA mask */ uint8 C64::poll_joystick(int port) { uint8 j = 0xff; #ifdef GEKKO int extra_keys[N_WIIMOTE_BINDINGS]; int controller = port; Uint32 held = 0; Uint32 held_classic = 0; WPADData *wpad; if (ThePrefs.JoystickSwap) controller = !port; wpad = WPAD_Data(controller); if (!wpad) return j; held = wpad->btns_h; // Check classic controller as well if (wpad->exp.type == WPAD_EXP_CLASSIC) held_classic = wpad->exp.classic.btns_held; if ( (held & WPAD_BUTTON_HOME) || (held_classic & CLASSIC_CTRL_BUTTON_HOME) ) TheC64->enter_menu(); extra_keys[WIIMOTE_UP] = held & WPAD_BUTTON_RIGHT; extra_keys[WIIMOTE_DOWN] = held & WPAD_BUTTON_LEFT; extra_keys[WIIMOTE_LEFT] = held & WPAD_BUTTON_UP; extra_keys[WIIMOTE_RIGHT] = held & WPAD_BUTTON_DOWN; extra_keys[WIIMOTE_A] = held & WPAD_BUTTON_A; extra_keys[WIIMOTE_B] = held & WPAD_BUTTON_B; extra_keys[WIIMOTE_1] = held & WPAD_BUTTON_1; extra_keys[WIIMOTE_2] = held & WPAD_BUTTON_2; /* Classic buttons (might not be connected) */ extra_keys[CLASSIC_UP] = held_classic & CLASSIC_CTRL_BUTTON_UP; extra_keys[CLASSIC_DOWN] = held_classic & CLASSIC_CTRL_BUTTON_DOWN; extra_keys[CLASSIC_LEFT] = held_classic & CLASSIC_CTRL_BUTTON_LEFT; extra_keys[CLASSIC_RIGHT] = held_classic & CLASSIC_CTRL_BUTTON_RIGHT; extra_keys[CLASSIC_X] = held_classic & CLASSIC_CTRL_BUTTON_X; extra_keys[CLASSIC_Y] = held_classic & CLASSIC_CTRL_BUTTON_Y; extra_keys[CLASSIC_A] = held_classic & CLASSIC_CTRL_BUTTON_A; extra_keys[CLASSIC_B] = held_classic & CLASSIC_CTRL_BUTTON_B; extra_keys[CLASSIC_L] = held_classic & CLASSIC_CTRL_BUTTON_FULL_L; extra_keys[CLASSIC_R] = held_classic & CLASSIC_CTRL_BUTTON_FULL_R; extra_keys[CLASSIC_ZL] = held_classic & CLASSIC_CTRL_BUTTON_ZL; extra_keys[CLASSIC_ZR] = held_classic & CLASSIC_CTRL_BUTTON_ZR; extra_keys[WIIMOTE_PLUS] = (held_classic & CLASSIC_CTRL_BUTTON_MINUS) | held & WPAD_BUTTON_PLUS; extra_keys[WIIMOTE_MINUS] = (held_classic & CLASSIC_CTRL_BUTTON_PLUS) | held & WPAD_BUTTON_MINUS; /* Merge common keys */ int active_binded_keys[N_WIIMOTE_BINDINGS]; memcpy(active_binded_keys, ThePrefs.JoystickKeyBinding, sizeof(active_binded_keys)); for (int first = 0; first <= N_WIIMOTE_BINDINGS; first++) { if (!extra_keys[first]) continue; for (int second = 0; second <= N_WIIMOTE_BINDINGS; second++) { if (first != second && active_binded_keys[first] == active_binded_keys[second]) { /* Unbind this */ extra_keys[second] = 0; active_binded_keys[second] = -1; } } } for (int i = 0; i < N_WIIMOTE_BINDINGS; i++) { static bool is_pressed[2][N_WIIMOTE_BINDINGS]; int kc = active_binded_keys[i]; if ( kc >= 0) { if (extra_keys[i]) { TheDisplay->UpdateKeyMatrix(kc, false, TheCIA1->KeyMatrix, TheCIA1->RevMatrix, &j); is_pressed[controller][i] = true; } else if (is_pressed[i]) { TheDisplay->UpdateKeyMatrix(kc, true, TheCIA1->KeyMatrix, TheCIA1->RevMatrix, &j); is_pressed[controller][i] = false; } } } return j; #else if (port == 0 && (joy[0] || joy[1])) SDL_JoystickUpdate(); if (joy[port]) { int x = SDL_JoystickGetAxis(joy[port], 0), y = SDL_JoystickGetAxis(joy[port], 1); if (x > joy_maxx[port]) joy_maxx[port] = x; if (x < joy_minx[port]) joy_minx[port] = x; if (y > joy_maxy[port]) joy_maxy[port] = y; if (y < joy_miny[port]) joy_miny[port] = y; if (joy_maxx[port] - joy_minx[port] < 100 || joy_maxy[port] - joy_miny[port] < 100) return 0xff; if (x < (joy_minx[port] + (joy_maxx[port]-joy_minx[port])/3)) j &= 0xfb; // Left else if (x > (joy_minx[port] + 2*(joy_maxx[port]-joy_minx[port])/3)) j &= 0xf7; // Right if (y < (joy_miny[port] + (joy_maxy[port]-joy_miny[port])/3)) j &= 0xfe; // Up else if (y > (joy_miny[port] + 2*(joy_maxy[port]-joy_miny[port])/3)) j &= 0xfd; // Down if (SDL_JoystickGetButton(joy[port], 0)) j &= 0xef; // Button } return j; #endif } /* * Allocate C64 colors */ void C64Display::InitColors(uint8 *colors) { SDL_Color palette[PALETTE_SIZE]; for (int i=0; i<16; i++) { palette[i].r = palette_red[i]; palette[i].g = palette_green[i]; palette[i].b = palette_blue[i]; } palette[fill_gray].r = palette[fill_gray].g = palette[fill_gray].b = 0xd0; palette[shine_gray].r = palette[shine_gray].g = palette[shine_gray].b = 0xf0; palette[shadow_gray].r = palette[shadow_gray].g = palette[shadow_gray].b = 0x80; palette[red].r = 0xf0; palette[red].g = palette[red].b = 0; palette[green].g = 0xf0; palette[green].r = palette[green].b = 0; SDL_SetColors(real_screen, palette, 0, PALETTE_SIZE); for (int i=0; i<256; i++) colors[i] = i & 0x0f; } /* * Show a requester (error message) */ long int ShowRequester(const char *a, const char *b, const char *) { printf("%s: %s\n", a, b); return 1; }