Entirely rewrite nvmap to separate global and per device state.

This will be required later for NVDEC/SMMU support and fixes many
significant issues in the previous implementation.
Based off of my 2.0.0/12.0.0 nvdrv REs.

app/src/main/cpp/skyline/services/nvdrv/core/nvmap.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR MPL-2.0
+// Copyright © 2021 Skyline Team and Contributors (https://github.com/skyline-emu/)
+
+#include "nvmap.h"
+
+namespace skyline::service::nvdrv::core {
+    NvMap::Handle::Handle(u64 size, Id id) : size(size), alignedSize(size), origSize(size), id(id) {}
+
+    PosixResult NvMap::Handle::Alloc(Flags pFlags, u32 pAlign, u8 pKind, u64 pAddress) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mutex);
+
+        // Handles cannot be allocated twice
+        if (allocated) [[unlikely]]
+            return PosixResult::NotPermitted;
+
+        flags = pFlags;
+        kind = pKind;
+        align = pAlign < PAGE_SIZE ? PAGE_SIZE : pAlign;
+
+        // This flag is only applicable for handles with an address passed
+        if (pAddress)
+            flags.keepUncachedAfterFree = false;
+        else
+            throw exception("Mapping nvmap handles without a cpu side address is unimplemented!");
+
+        size = util::AlignUp(size, PAGE_SIZE);
+        alignedSize = util::AlignUp(size, align);
+        address = pAddress;
+
+        // TODO: pin init
+
+        allocated = true;
+
+        return PosixResult::Success;
+    }
+
+    PosixResult NvMap::Handle::Duplicate(bool internalSession) {
+        // Unallocated handles cannot be duplicated as duplication requires memory accounting (in HOS)
+        if (!allocated) [[unlikely]]
+            return PosixResult::InvalidArgument;
+
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mutex);
+
+        // If we internally use FromId the duplication tracking of handles won't work accurately due to us not implementing
+        // per-process handle refs.
+        if (internalSession)
+            internalDupes++;
+        else
+            dupes++;
+
+        return PosixResult::Success;
+    }
+
+    NvMap::NvMap(const DeviceState &state) : state(state) {}
+
+    void NvMap::AddHandle(std::shared_ptr<Handle> handle) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(handlesLock);
+
+        handles.emplace(handle->id, std::move(handle));
+    }
+
+    bool NvMap::TryRemoveHandle(const std::shared_ptr<Handle> &h) {
+        // No dupes left, we can remove from handle map
+        if (h->dupes == 0 && h->internalDupes == 0) {
+            std::scoped_lock lock(handlesLock);
+
+            auto it{handles.find(h->id)};
+            if (it != handles.end())
+                handles.erase(it);
+
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    PosixResultValue<std::shared_ptr<NvMap::Handle>> NvMap::CreateHandle(u64 size) {
+        if (!size) [[unlikely]]
+            return PosixResult::InvalidArgument;
+
+        u32 id{nextHandleId.fetch_add(HandleIdIncrement, std::memory_order_relaxed)};
+        auto h{std::make_shared<Handle>(size, id)};
+        AddHandle(h);
+
+        return h;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<NvMap::Handle> NvMap::GetHandle(Handle::Id handle) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(handlesLock);
+
+        try {
+            return handles.at(handle);
+        } catch (std::out_of_range &e) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::optional<NvMap::FreeInfo> NvMap::FreeHandle(Handle::Id handle, bool internalSession) {
+        std::weak_ptr<Handle> hWeak{GetHandle(handle)};
+        FreeInfo freeInfo;
+
+        // We use a weak ptr here so we can tell when the handle has been freed and report that back to guest
+        if (auto h = hWeak.lock()) {
+            if (!h) [[unlikely]]
+                return std::nullopt;
+
+            std::scoped_lock lock(h->mutex);
+
+            if (internalSession) {
+                if (--h->internalDupes < 0)
+                    state.logger->Warn("Internal duplicate count inbalance detected!");
+            } else {
+                if (--h->dupes < 0) {
+                    state.logger->Warn("User duplicate count inbalance detected!");
+                } else if (h->dupes == 0) {
+                    // TODO: unpin
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Try to remove the shared ptr to the handle from the map, if nothing else is using the handle
+            // then it will now be freed when `h` goes out of scope
+            if (TryRemoveHandle(h))
+                state.logger->Debug("Removed nvmap handle: {}", handle);
+            else
+                state.logger->Debug("Tried to free nvmap handle: {} but didn't as it still has duplicates", handle);
+
+            freeInfo = {
+                .address = h->address,
+                .size = h->size,
+                .wasUncached = h->flags.mapUncached,
+            };
+        } else {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+
+        // Handle hasn't been freed from memory, set address to 0 to mark that the handle wasn't freed
+        if (!hWeak.expired()) {
+            state.logger->Debug("nvmap handle: {} wasn't freed as it is still in use", handle);
+            freeInfo.address = 0;
+        }
+
+        return freeInfo;
+    }
+}

app/src/main/cpp/skyline/services/nvdrv/core/nvmap.h

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR MPL-2.0
+// Copyright © 2021 Skyline Team and Contributors (https://github.com/skyline-emu/)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <common.h>
+#include <services/common/result.h>
+
+namespace skyline::service::nvdrv::core {
+    /**
+     * @brief The nvmap core class holds the global state for nvmap and provides methods to manage handles
+     */
+    class NvMap {
+      public:
+        /**
+         * @brief A handle to a contiguous block of memory in an application's address space
+         */
+        struct Handle {
+            std::mutex mutex;
+
+            u64 align{}; //!< The alignment to use when pinning the handle onto the SMMU
+            u64 size; //!< Page-aligned size of the memory the handle refers to
+            u64 alignedSize;  //!< `align`-aligned size of the memory the handle refers to
+            u64 origSize; //!< Original unaligned size of the memory this handle refers to
+
+            i32 dupes{1}; //!< How many guest references there are to this handle
+            i32 internalDupes{0}; //!< How many emulator-internal references there are to this handle
+
+            using Id = u32;
+            Id id; //!< A globally unique identifier for this handle
+
+            struct Flags {
+                bool mapUncached : 1; //!< If the handle should be mapped as uncached
+                bool _pad0_ : 1;
+                bool keepUncachedAfterFree : 1; //!< Only applicable when the handle was allocated with a fixed address
+                bool _pad1_ : 1;
+                bool _unk0_ : 1; //!< Passed to IOVMM for pins
+                u32 _pad2_ : 27;
+            } flags{};
+            static_assert(sizeof(Flags) == sizeof(u32));
+
+            u64 address{}; //!< The memory location in the guest's AS that this handle corresponds to, this can also be in the nvdrv tmem
+            bool isSharedMemMapped{}; //!< If this nvmap has been mapped with the MapSharedMem IPC call
+
+
+            u8 kind{}; //!< Used for memory compression
+            bool allocated{}; //!< If the handle has been allocated with `Alloc`
+
+            Handle(u64 size, Id id);
+
+            /**
+             * @brief Sets up the handle with the given memory config, can allocate memory from the tmem if a 0 address is passed
+             */
+            [[nodiscard]] PosixResult Alloc(Flags pFlags, u32 pAlign, u8 pKind, u64 pAddress);
+
+            /**
+             * @brief Increases the dupe counter of the handle for the given session
+             */
+            [[nodiscard]] PosixResult Duplicate(bool internalSession);
+
+            /**
+             * @brief Obtains a pointer to the handle's memory and marks the handle it as having been mapped
+             */
+            u8 *GetPointer() {
+                if (!address)
+                    throw exception("Cannot get a pointer to the memory of an unallocated handle!");
+
+                isSharedMemMapped = true;
+                return reinterpret_cast<u8 *>(address);
+            }
+        };
+
+      private:
+        const DeviceState &state;
+
+        std::unordered_map<Handle::Id, std::shared_ptr<Handle>> handles; //!< Main owning map of handles
+        std::mutex handlesLock; //!< Protects access to `handles`
+
+        static constexpr u32 HandleIdIncrement{4}; //!< Each new handle ID is an increment of 4 from the previous
+        std::atomic<u32> nextHandleId{HandleIdIncrement};
+
+        void AddHandle(std::shared_ptr<Handle> handle);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Removes a handle from the map taking its dupes into account
+         * @note h->mutex MUST be locked when calling this
+         * @return If the handle was removed from the map
+         */
+        bool TryRemoveHandle(const std::shared_ptr<Handle> &h);
+
+      public:
+        NvMap(const DeviceState &state);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Encapsulates the result of a FreeHandle operation
+         */
+        struct FreeInfo {
+            u64 address; //!< Address the handle referred to before deletion
+            u64 size; //!< Page-aligned handle size
+            bool wasUncached; //!< If the handle was allocated as uncached
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Creates an unallocated handle of the given size
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] PosixResultValue<std::shared_ptr<Handle>> CreateHandle(u64 size);
+
+        std::shared_ptr<Handle> GetHandle(Handle::Id handle);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Tries to free a handle and remove a single dupe
+         * If a handle has no dupes left and has no other users a FreeInfo struct will be returned describing the prior state of the handle.
+         */
+        std::optional<FreeInfo> FreeHandle(Handle::Id handle, bool internalSession);
+    };
+}

app/src/main/cpp/skyline/services/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.cpp

@@ -1,172 +1,134 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR MPL-2.0
-// Copyright © 2020 Skyline Team and Contributors (https://github.com/skyline-emu/)
+// Copyright © 2021 Skyline Team and Contributors (https://github.com/skyline-emu/)
 
+#include <services/nvdrv/devices/deserialisation/deserialisation.h>
+#include <services/nvdrv/core/nvmap.h>
 #include "nvmap.h"
 
 namespace skyline::service::nvdrv::device {
-    NvMap::NvMapObject::NvMapObject(u32 id, u32 size) : id(id), size(size) {}
+    NvMap::NvMap(const DeviceState &state, Core &core, const SessionContext &ctx) : NvDevice(state, core, ctx) {}
 
-    NvMap::NvMap(const DeviceState &state) : NvDevice(state) {}
+    PosixResult NvMap::Create(In<u32> size, Out<NvMapCore::Handle::Id> handle) {
-
+        auto h{core.nvMap.CreateHandle(util::AlignUp(size, PAGE_SIZE))};
-    NvStatus NvMap::Create(IoctlType type, span<u8> buffer, span<u8> inlineBuffer) {
+        if (h) {
-        struct Data {
+            (*h)->origSize = size; // Orig size is the unaligned size
-            u32 size;   // In
+            handle = (*h)->id;
-            u32 handle; // Out
-        } &data = buffer.as<Data>();
-
-        std::unique_lock lock(mapMutex);
-        maps.push_back(std::make_shared<NvMapObject>(idIndex++, data.size));
-        data.handle = maps.size();
-
-        state.logger->Debug("Size: 0x{:X} -> Handle: 0x{:X}", data.size, data.handle);
-        return NvStatus::Success;
-    }
-
-    NvStatus NvMap::FromId(IoctlType type, span<u8> buffer, span<u8> inlineBuffer) {
-        struct Data {
-            u32 id;     // In
-            u32 handle; // Out
-        } &data = buffer.as<Data>();
-
-        std::shared_lock lock(mapMutex);
-        for (auto it{maps.begin()}; it < maps.end(); it++) {
-            if ((*it)->id == data.id) {
-                data.handle = (it - maps.begin()) + 1;
-                state.logger->Debug("ID: 0x{:X} -> Handle: 0x{:X}", data.id, data.handle);
-                return NvStatus::Success;
-            }
         }
 
-        state.logger->Warn("Handle not found for ID: 0x{:X}", data.id);
+        return h;
-        return NvStatus::BadValue;
     }
 
-    NvStatus NvMap::Alloc(IoctlType type, span<u8> buffer, span<u8> inlineBuffer) {
+    PosixResult NvMap::FromId(In<NvMapCore::Handle::Id> id, Out<NvMapCore::Handle::Id> handle) {
-        struct Data {
+        // Handles and IDs are always the same value in nvmap however IDs can be used globally given the right permissions.
-            u32 handle;   // In
+        // Since we don't plan on ever supporting multiprocess we can skip implementing handle refs and so this function
-            u32 heapMask; // In
+        // just does simple validation and passes through the handle id.
-            u32 flags;    // In
+        if (!id) [[unlikely]]
-            u32 align;    // In
+            return PosixResult::InvalidArgument;
-            u8 kind;      // In
-            u8 _pad0_[7];
-            u8 *ptr;      // InOut
-        } &data = buffer.as<Data>();
 
-        try {
+        auto h{core.nvMap.GetHandle(id)};
-            auto object{GetObject(data.handle)};
+        if (!h) [[unlikely]]
-            object->heapMask = data.heapMask;
+            return PosixResult::InvalidArgument;
-            object->flags = data.flags;
-            object->align = data.align;
-            object->kind = data.kind;
-            object->ptr = data.ptr;
-            object->status = NvMapObject::Status::Allocated;
 
-            state.logger->Debug("Handle: 0x{:X}, HeapMask: 0x{:X}, Flags: {}, Align: 0x{:X}, Kind: {}, Pointer: 0x{:X}", data.handle, data.heapMask, data.flags, data.align, data.kind, data.ptr);
+        return h->Duplicate(ctx.internalSession);
-            return NvStatus::Success;
+    }
-        } catch (const std::out_of_range &) {
+
-            state.logger->Warn("Invalid NvMap handle: 0x{:X}", data.handle);
+    PosixResult NvMap::Alloc(In<NvMapCore::Handle::Id> handle, In<u32> heapMask, In<NvMapCore::Handle::Flags> flags, InOut<u32> align, In<u8> kind, In<u64> address) {
-            return NvStatus::BadParameter;
+        if (!handle) [[unlikely]]
+            return PosixResult::InvalidArgument;
+
+        if (!std::ispow2(align)) [[unlikely]]
+            return PosixResult::InvalidArgument;
+
+        // Force page size alignment at a minimum
+        if (align < PAGE_SIZE) [[unlikely]]
+            align = PAGE_SIZE;
+
+        auto h{core.nvMap.GetHandle(handle)};
+        if (!h) [[unlikely]]
+            return PosixResult::InvalidArgument;
+
+        return h->Alloc(flags, align, kind, address);
+    }
+
+    PosixResult NvMap::Free(In<NvMapCore::Handle::Id> handle, Out<u64> address, Out<u32> size, Out<NvMapCore::Handle::Flags> flags) {
+        if (!handle) [[unlikely]]
+            return PosixResult::Success;
+
+        if (auto freeInfo{core.nvMap.FreeHandle(handle, ctx.internalSession)}) {
+            address = freeInfo->address;
+            size = static_cast<u32>(freeInfo->size);
+            flags = NvMapCore::Handle::Flags{ .mapUncached = freeInfo->wasUncached };
+        }
+
+        return PosixResult::Success;
+    }
+
+    PosixResult NvMap::Param(In<NvMapCore::Handle::Id> handle, In<HandleParameterType> param, Out<u32> result) {
+        if (!handle)
+            return PosixResult::InvalidArgument;
+
+        auto h{core.nvMap.GetHandle(handle)};
+        if (!h) [[unlikely]]
+            return PosixResult::InvalidArgument;
+
+        switch (param) {
+            case HandleParameterType::Size:
+                result = h->origSize;
+                return PosixResult::Success;
+            case HandleParameterType::Alignment:
+                result = h->align;
+                return PosixResult::Success;
+            case HandleParameterType::Base:
+                result = -static_cast<i32>(PosixResult::InvalidArgument);
+                return PosixResult::Success;
+            case HandleParameterType::Heap:
+                if (h->allocated)
+                    result = 0x40000000;
+                else
+                    result = 0;
+
+                return PosixResult::Success;
+            case HandleParameterType::Kind:
+                result = h->kind;
+                return PosixResult::Success;
+            case HandleParameterType::IsSharedMemMapped:
+                result = h->isSharedMemMapped;
+                return PosixResult::Success;
+            default:
+                return PosixResult::InvalidArgument;
         }
     }
 
-    NvStatus NvMap::Free(IoctlType type, span<u8> buffer, span<u8> inlineBuffer) {
+    PosixResult NvMap::GetId(Out<NvMapCore::Handle::Id> id, In<NvMapCore::Handle::Id> handle) {
-        struct Data {
+        // See the comment in FromId for extra info on this function
-            u32 handle;   // In
+        if (!handle) [[unlikely]]
-            u32 _pad0_;
+            return PosixResult::InvalidArgument;
-            u8 *ptr;      // Out
-            u32 size;     // Out
-            u32 flags;    // Out
-        } &data = buffer.as<Data>();
 
-        std::unique_lock lock(mapMutex);
+        auto h{core.nvMap.GetHandle(handle)};
-        try {
+        if (!h) [[unlikely]]
-            auto &object{maps.at(data.handle - 1)};
+            return PosixResult::NotPermitted; // This will always return EPERM irrespective of if the handle exists or not
-            if (object.use_count() > 1) {
-                data.ptr = object->ptr;
-                data.flags = 0x0;
-            } else {
-                data.ptr = nullptr;
-                data.flags = 0x1; // Not free yet
-            }
 
-            data.size = object->size;
+        id = h->id;
-            object = nullptr;
+        return PosixResult::Success;
-
-            state.logger->Debug("Handle: 0x{:X} -> Pointer: 0x{:X}, Size: 0x{:X}, Flags: 0x{:X}", data.handle, data.ptr, data.size, data.flags);
-            return NvStatus::Success;
-        } catch (const std::out_of_range &) {
-            state.logger->Warn("Invalid NvMap handle: 0x{:X}", data.handle);
-            return NvStatus::BadParameter;
-        }
     }
 
-    NvStatus NvMap::Param(IoctlType type, span<u8> buffer, span<u8> inlineBuffer) {
+#include "deserialisation/macro_def.h"
-        // https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/tegra/+/refs/heads/android-tegra-flounder-3.10-marshmallow/include/linux/nvmap.h#102
+    static constexpr u32 NvMapMagic{1};
-        enum class Parameter : u32 {
-            Size = 1,
-            Alignment = 2,
-            Base = 3,
-            HeapMask = 4,
-            Kind = 5,
-            Compr = 6,
-        };
 
-        struct Data {
+    IOCTL_HANDLER_FUNC(NvMap, ({
-            u32 handle;          // In
+        IOCTL_CASE_ARGS(INOUT, SIZE(0x8),  MAGIC(NvMapMagic), FUNC(0x1),
-            Parameter parameter; // In
+                        Create, ARGS(In<u32>, Out<NvMapCore::Handle::Id>))
-            u32 result;          // Out
+        IOCTL_CASE_ARGS(INOUT, SIZE(0x8),  MAGIC(NvMapMagic), FUNC(0x3),
-        } &data = buffer.as<Data>();
+                        FromId, ARGS(In<NvMapCore::Handle::Id>, Out<NvMapCore::Handle::Id>))
-
+        IOCTL_CASE_ARGS(INOUT, SIZE(0x20), MAGIC(NvMapMagic), FUNC(0x4),
-        try {
+                        Alloc,  ARGS(In<NvMapCore::Handle::Id>, In<u32>, In<NvMapCore::Handle::Flags>, InOut<u32>, In<u8>, Pad<u8, 0x7>, In<u64>))
-            auto object{GetObject(data.handle)};
+        IOCTL_CASE_ARGS(INOUT, SIZE(0x18), MAGIC(NvMapMagic), FUNC(0x5),
-
+                        Free,   ARGS(In<NvMapCore::Handle::Id>, Pad<u32>, Out<u64>, Out<u32>, Out<NvMapCore::Handle::Flags>))
-            switch (data.parameter) {
+        IOCTL_CASE_ARGS(INOUT, SIZE(0xC),  MAGIC(NvMapMagic), FUNC(0x9),
-                case Parameter::Size:
+                        Param,  ARGS(In<NvMapCore::Handle::Id>, In<HandleParameterType>, Out<u32>))
-                    data.result = object->size;
+        IOCTL_CASE_ARGS(INOUT, SIZE(0x8),  MAGIC(NvMapMagic), FUNC(0xE),
-                    break;
+                        GetId,  ARGS(Out<NvMapCore::Handle::Id>, In<NvMapCore::Handle::Id>))
-
+    }))
-                case Parameter::Alignment:
+#include "deserialisation/macro_undef.h"
-                    data.result = object->align;
-                    break;
-
-                case Parameter::HeapMask:
-                    data.result = object->heapMask;
-                    break;
-
-                case Parameter::Kind:
-                    data.result = object->kind;
-                    break;
-
-                case Parameter::Compr:
-                    data.result = 0;
-                    break;
-
-                default:
-                    state.logger->Warn("Parameter not implemented: 0x{:X}", data.parameter);
-                    return NvStatus::NotImplemented;
-            }
-
-            state.logger->Debug("Handle: 0x{:X}, Parameter: {} -> Result: 0x{:X}", data.handle, data.parameter, data.result);
-            return NvStatus::Success;
-        } catch (const std::out_of_range &) {
-            state.logger->Warn("Invalid NvMap handle: 0x{:X}", data.handle);
-            return NvStatus::BadParameter;
-        }
-    }
-
-    NvStatus NvMap::GetId(IoctlType type, span<u8> buffer, span<u8> inlineBuffer) {
-        struct Data {
-            u32 id;     // Out
-            u32 handle; // In
-        } &data = buffer.as<Data>();
-
-        try {
-            data.id = GetObject(data.handle)->id;
-            state.logger->Debug("Handle: 0x{:X} -> ID: 0x{:X}", data.handle, data.id);
-            return NvStatus::Success;
-        } catch (const std::out_of_range &) {
-            state.logger->Warn("Invalid NvMap handle: 0x{:X}", data.handle);
-            return NvStatus::BadParameter;
-        }
-    }
 }
+

app/src/main/cpp/skyline/services/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR MPL-2.0
-// Copyright © 2020 Skyline Team and Contributors (https://github.com/skyline-emu/)
+// Copyright © 2021 Skyline Team and Contributors (https://github.com/skyline-emu/)
 
 #pragma once
 
@@ -7,91 +7,60 @@
 
 namespace skyline::service::nvdrv::device {
     /**
-     * @brief NvMap (/dev/nvmap) is used to map certain CPU memory as GPU memory (https://switchbrew.org/wiki/NV_services)
+     * @brief NvMap (/dev/nvmap) is used to keep track of buffers and map them onto the SMMU (https://switchbrew.org/wiki/NV_services)
      * @url https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/tegra/+/refs/heads/android-tegra-flounder-3.10-marshmallow/include/linux/nvmap.h
      */
     class NvMap : public NvDevice {
       public:
-        /**
+        using NvMapCore = core::NvMap;
-         * @brief NvMapObject is used to hold the state of held objects
-         */
-        struct NvMapObject {
-            u32 id;
-            u32 size;
-            u8 *ptr{};
-            u32 flags{}; //!< The flag of the memory (0 = Read Only, 1 = Read-Write)
-            u32 align{};
-            u32 heapMask{}; //!< This is set during Alloc and returned during Param
-            u8 kind{}; //!< This is same as heapMask
 
-            enum class Status {
+        enum class HandleParameterType : u32 {
-                Created, //!< The object has been created but memory has not been allocated
+            Size = 1,
-                Allocated //!< The object has been allocated
+            Alignment = 2,
-            } status{Status::Created}; //!< This holds the status of the object
+            Base = 3,
-
+            Heap = 4,
-            NvMapObject(u32 id, u32 size);
+            Kind = 5,
+            IsSharedMemMapped = 6
         };
 
-        std::shared_mutex mapMutex; //!< Synchronizes mutations and accesses of the mappings
+        NvMap(const DeviceState &state, Core &core, const SessionContext &ctx);
-        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<NvMapObject>> maps;
-
-        u32 idIndex{1}; //!< This is used to keep track of the next ID to allocate
-
-        NvMap(const DeviceState &state);
-
-        std::shared_ptr<NvMapObject> GetObject(u32 handle) {
-            if (handle-- == 0)
-                throw std::out_of_range("0 is an invalid nvmap handle");
-            std::shared_lock lock(mapMutex);
-            auto &object{maps.at(handle)};
-            if (!object)
-                throw std::out_of_range("A freed nvmap handle was requested");
-            return object;
-        }
 
         /**
-         * @brief Creates an NvMapObject and returns an handle to it
+         * @brief Creates an nvmap handle for the given size
          * @url https://switchbrew.org/wiki/NV_services#NVMAP_IOC_CREATE
          */
-        NvStatus Create(IoctlType type, span<u8> buffer, span<u8> inlineBuffer);
+        PosixResult Create(In<u32> size, Out<NvMapCore::Handle::Id> handle);
 
         /**
-         * @brief Returns the handle of an NvMapObject from its ID
+         * @brief Creates a new ref to the handle of the given ID
          * @url https://switchbrew.org/wiki/NV_services#NVMAP_IOC_FROM_ID
          */
-        NvStatus FromId(IoctlType type, span<u8> buffer, span<u8> inlineBuffer);
+        PosixResult FromId(In<NvMapCore::Handle::Id> id, Out<NvMapCore::Handle::Id> handle);
 
         /**
-         * @brief Allocates memory for an NvMapObject
+         * @brief Adds the given backing memory to the nvmap handle
          * @url https://switchbrew.org/wiki/NV_services#NVMAP_IOC_ALLOC
          */
-        NvStatus Alloc(IoctlType type, span<u8> buffer, span<u8> inlineBuffer);
+        PosixResult Alloc(In<NvMapCore::Handle::Id> handle, In<u32> heapMask, In<NvMapCore::Handle::Flags> flags, InOut<u32> align, In<u8> kind, In<u64> address);
 
         /**
-         * @brief Frees previously allocated memory
+         * @brief Attempts to free a handle and unpin it from SMMU memory
          * @url https://switchbrew.org/wiki/NV_services#NVMAP_IOC_FREE
          */
-        NvStatus Free(IoctlType type, span<u8> buffer, span<u8> inlineBuffer);
+        PosixResult Free(In<NvMapCore::Handle::Id> handle, Out<u64> address, Out<u32> size, Out<NvMapCore::Handle::Flags> flags);
 
         /**
-         * @brief Returns a particular parameter from an NvMapObject
+         * @brief Returns info about a property of the nvmap handle
          * @url https://switchbrew.org/wiki/NV_services#NVMAP_IOC_PARAM
          */
-        NvStatus Param(IoctlType type, span<u8> buffer, span<u8> inlineBuffer);
+        PosixResult Param(In<NvMapCore::Handle::Id> handle, In<HandleParameterType> param, Out<u32> result);
 
         /**
-         * @brief Returns the ID of an NvMapObject from its handle
+         * @brief Returns a global ID for the given nvmap handle
          * @url https://switchbrew.org/wiki/NV_services#NVMAP_IOC_GET_ID
          */
-        NvStatus GetId(IoctlType type, span<u8> buffer, span<u8> inlineBuffer);
+        PosixResult GetId(Out<NvMapCore::Handle::Id> id, In<NvMapCore::Handle::Id> handle);
 
-        NVDEVICE_DECL(
+        PosixResult Ioctl(IoctlDescriptor cmd, span<u8> buffer) override;
-            NVFUNC(0x0101, NvMap, Create),
-            NVFUNC(0x0103, NvMap, FromId),
-            NVFUNC(0x0104, NvMap, Alloc),
-            NVFUNC(0x0105, NvMap, Free),
-            NVFUNC(0x0109, NvMap, Param),
-            NVFUNC(0x010E, NvMap, GetId)
-        )
     };
 }