diff --git a/WiiQt/nandbin.cpp b/WiiQt/nandbin.cpp
index 88264b8..82a7858 100755
--- a/WiiQt/nandbin.cpp
+++ b/WiiQt/nandbin.cpp
@@ -47,8 +47,12 @@ bool NandBin::SetPath( const QString &path )
     return ret;
 }
 
-bool NandBin::CreateNew( const QString &path, QByteArray keys, QByteArray first8, QList<quint16> badBlocks )
+bool NandBin::CreateNew( const QString &path, const QByteArray &keys, const QByteArray &first8, const QList<quint16> &badBlocks )
 {
+#ifndef NAND_BIN_CAN_WRITE
+    qWarning() << __FILE__ << "was built without write support";
+    return false;
+#endif
     if( keys.size() != 0x400 || first8.size() != 0x108000 )
     {
 	qWarning() << "NandBin::CreateNew -> bad sizes" << hex << keys.size() << first8.size();
@@ -256,7 +260,7 @@ bool NandBin::AddChildren( QTreeWidgetItem *parent, quint16 entry )
     return true;
 }
 
-QString NandBin::FstName( fst_t fst )
+const QString NandBin::FstName( fst_t fst )
 {
     QByteArray ba( (char*)fst.filename, 0xc );
     QString ret = QString( ba );
@@ -294,7 +298,7 @@ bool NandBin::ExtractFST( quint16 entry, const QString &path, bool singleFile )
     return true;
 }
 
-bool NandBin::ExtractDir( fst_t fst, QString parent )
+bool NandBin::ExtractDir( fst_t fst, const QString &parent )
 {
     //qDebug() << "NandBin::ExtractDir(" << parent << ")";
     QByteArray ba( (char*)fst.filename, 0xc );
@@ -316,7 +320,7 @@ bool NandBin::ExtractDir( fst_t fst, QString parent )
     return true;
 }
 
-bool NandBin::ExtractFile( fst_t fst, QString parent )
+bool NandBin::ExtractFile( fst_t fst, const QString &parent )
 {
     QByteArray ba( (char*)fst.filename, 0xc );
     QString filename( ba );
@@ -336,7 +340,7 @@ bool NandBin::ExtractFile( fst_t fst, QString parent )
     return true;
 }
 
-bool NandBin::InitNand( QIcon dirs, QIcon files )
+bool NandBin::InitNand( const QIcon &dirs, const QIcon &files )
 {
     fstInited = false;
     memset( (void*)&fsts, 0, sizeof( fst_t ) * 0x17ff );
@@ -525,7 +529,7 @@ bool NandBin::GetKey( int type )
     return true;
 }
 
-QByteArray NandBin::ReadKeyfile( QString path, quint8 type )
+const QByteArray NandBin::ReadKeyfile( const QString &path, quint8 type )
 {
     QByteArray retval;
     QFile f( path );
@@ -688,7 +692,7 @@ quint16 NandBin::GetFAT( quint16 fat_entry )
     return ret;
 }
 
-QByteArray NandBin::GetPage( quint32 pageNo, bool withEcc )
+const QByteArray NandBin::GetPage( quint32 pageNo, bool withEcc )
 {
     //qDebug() << "NandBin::GetPage( " << hex << pageNo << ", " << withEcc << " )";
     quint32 n_pagelen[] = { 0x800, 0x840, 0x840 };
@@ -704,7 +708,7 @@ QByteArray NandBin::GetPage( quint32 pageNo, bool withEcc )
     return page;
 }
 
-QByteArray NandBin::GetCluster( quint16 cluster_entry, bool decrypt )
+const QByteArray NandBin::GetCluster( quint16 cluster_entry, bool decrypt )
 {
     //qDebug() << "NandBin::GetCluster" << hex << cluster_entry;
     quint32 n_clusterlen[] = { 0x4000, 0x4200, 0x4200 };
@@ -746,7 +750,7 @@ QByteArray NandBin::GetCluster( quint16 cluster_entry, bool decrypt )
     return ret;
 }
 
-QByteArray NandBin::GetFile( quint16 entry )
+const QByteArray NandBin::GetFile( quint16 entry )
 {
     fst_t fst = GetFST( entry );
     if( !fst.filename[ 0 ] )//something is amiss, better quit now
@@ -754,7 +758,7 @@ QByteArray NandBin::GetFile( quint16 entry )
     return GetFile( fst );
 }
 
-QByteArray NandBin::GetFile( fst_t fst_ )
+const QByteArray NandBin::GetFile( fst_t fst_ )
 {
     //qDebug() << "NandBin::GetFile" << QByteArray( (const char*)fst_.filename, 12 );
     if( !fst_.size )
@@ -1014,7 +1018,7 @@ QTreeWidgetItem *NandBin::ItemFromEntry( const QString &i, QTreeWidgetItem *pare
     return NULL;
 }
 
-bool NandBin::WriteCluster( quint32 pageNo, const QByteArray data, const QByteArray hmac )
+bool NandBin::WriteCluster( quint32 pageNo, const QByteArray &data, const QByteArray &hmac )
 {
     if( data.size() != 0x4000 )
     {
@@ -1047,7 +1051,7 @@ bool NandBin::WriteCluster( quint32 pageNo, const QByteArray data, const QByteAr
     return true;
 }
 
-bool NandBin::WriteDecryptedCluster( quint32 pageNo, const QByteArray data, fst_t fst, quint16 idx )
+bool NandBin::WriteDecryptedCluster( quint32 pageNo, const QByteArray &data, fst_t fst, quint16 idx )
 {
     //qDebug() << "NandBin::WriteDecryptedCluster";
     QByteArray hmac = spare.Get_hmac_data( data, fst.uid, (const unsigned char *)&fst.filename, fst.fst_pos, fst.x3, idx );
@@ -1060,7 +1064,7 @@ bool NandBin::WriteDecryptedCluster( quint32 pageNo, const QByteArray data, fst_
     return WriteCluster( pageNo, encData, hmac );
 }
 
-bool NandBin::WritePage( quint32 pageNo, const QByteArray data )
+bool NandBin::WritePage( quint32 pageNo, const QByteArray &data )
 {
     //return true;
 #ifndef NAND_BIN_CAN_WRITE
@@ -1335,7 +1339,7 @@ bool NandBin::DeleteItem( QTreeWidgetItem *item )
     return true;
 }
 
-bool NandBin::SetData( const QString &path, const QByteArray data )
+bool NandBin::SetData( const QString &path, const QByteArray &data )
 {
     QTreeWidgetItem *i = ItemFromPath( path );
     if( !i )
@@ -1355,7 +1359,7 @@ bool NandBin::SetData( const QString &path, const QByteArray data )
     return SetData( idx, data );
 }
 
-bool NandBin::SetData( quint16 idx, const QByteArray data )
+bool NandBin::SetData( quint16 idx, const QByteArray &data )
 {
     fst_t fst = fsts[ idx ];
     qDebug() << "NandBin::SetData" << FstName( fst );
diff --git a/WiiQt/nandbin.h b/WiiQt/nandbin.h
index bb7c9ca..3e8a15f 100755
--- a/WiiQt/nandbin.h
+++ b/WiiQt/nandbin.h
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public:
     //keys should be a 0x400 byte array containing a keys.bin from bootmii
     //first8 should be a bytearray containing 0x108000 bytes - the first 8 blocks of the nand with spare data
     //badBlocks is a list of blocks to be marked bad, in the range 8 - 4079
-    bool CreateNew( const QString &path, QByteArray keys, QByteArray first8, QList<quint16> badBlocks = QList<quint16>() );
+    bool CreateNew( const QString &path, const QByteArray &keys, const QByteArray &first8, const QList<quint16> &badBlocks = QList<quint16>() );
 
     //sets the path of this object to path.  returns false if it cannot open an already existing file
     //keys.bin should be in this same path if they are to be used
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public:
     //try to read the filesystem and create a tree from its contents
     //this takes care of the stuff like reading the keys, finding teh superblock, and creating the QTreeWidgetItem* tree
     //icons given here will be the ones used when asking for that tree
-    bool InitNand( QIcon dirs = QIcon(), QIcon files = QIcon() );
+    bool InitNand( const QIcon &dirs = QIcon(), const QIcon &files = QIcon() );
 
     //get a root item containing children that are actually entries in the nand dump
     //the root itself is just a container to hold them all and can be deleted once its children are taken
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ public:
     void SetFixNamesForFAT( bool fix = true );
 
     //returns the data that makes up the file of a given entry#
-    QByteArray GetFile( quint16 entry );
+    const QByteArray GetFile( quint16 entry );
 
 
     //get data for a given path
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ public:
     const QList<Boot2Info> Boot2Infos();
     quint8 Boot1Version();
 
-    QByteArray GetPage( quint32 pageNo, bool withEcc = false );
+    const QByteArray GetPage( quint32 pageNo, bool withEcc = false );
 
     //create new entry
     //returns the index of the entry on success, or 0 on error
@@ -123,10 +123,10 @@ public:
     bool Delete( const QString &path );
 
     //sets the data for a given file ( overwrites existing data )
-    bool SetData( quint16 idx, const QByteArray data );
+    bool SetData( quint16 idx, const QByteArray &data );
 
     //overloads the above function
-    bool SetData( const QString &path, const QByteArray data );
+    bool SetData( const QString &path, const QByteArray &data );
 
     //write the current changes to the metadata( if you dont do this, then none of the other stuff youve done wont be saved )
     // but at the same time, you probably dont need to overuse this.  ( no need to write metadata every time you make a single change )
@@ -170,17 +170,17 @@ private:
 
     int GetDumpType( quint64 fileSize );
     bool GetKey( int type );
-    QByteArray ReadKeyfile( QString path, quint8 type );//type 0 for nand key, type 1 for hmac
+    const QByteArray ReadKeyfile( const QString &path, quint8 type );//type 0 for nand key, type 1 for hmac
     qint32 FindSuperblock();
     quint16 GetFAT( quint16 fat_entry );
     fst_t GetFST( quint16 entry );
-    QByteArray GetCluster( quint16 cluster_entry, bool decrypt = true );
-    QByteArray GetFile( fst_t fst );
+    const QByteArray GetCluster( quint16 cluster_entry, bool decrypt = true );
+    const QByteArray GetFile( fst_t fst );
 
-    QString FstName( fst_t fst );
+    const QString FstName( fst_t fst );
     bool ExtractFST( quint16 entry, const QString &path, bool singleFile = false );
-    bool ExtractDir( fst_t fst, QString parent );
-    bool ExtractFile( fst_t fst, QString parent );
+    bool ExtractDir( fst_t fst, const QString &parent );
+    bool ExtractFile( fst_t fst, const QString &parent );
 
     QTreeWidgetItem *CreateItem( QTreeWidgetItem *parent, const QString &name, quint32 size, quint16 entry, quint32 uid, quint32 gid, quint32 x3, quint8 attr, quint8 wtf);
 
@@ -194,9 +194,9 @@ private:
     //holds info about boot1 & 2
     Blocks0to7 bootBlocks;
 
-    bool WriteCluster( quint32 pageNo, const QByteArray data, const QByteArray hmac );
-    bool WriteDecryptedCluster( quint32 pageNo, const QByteArray data, fst_t fst, quint16 idx );
-    bool WritePage( quint32 pageNo, const QByteArray data );
+    bool WriteCluster( quint32 pageNo, const QByteArray &data, const QByteArray &hmac );
+    bool WriteDecryptedCluster( quint32 pageNo, const QByteArray &data, fst_t fst, quint16 idx );
+    bool WritePage( quint32 pageNo, const QByteArray &data );
 
     quint16 CreateNode( const QString &name, quint32 uid, quint16 gid, quint8 attr, quint8 user_perm, quint8 group_perm, quint8 other_perm );
 
diff --git a/WiiQt/nanddump.cpp b/WiiQt/nanddump.cpp
index c0d27df..73c2ce6 100644
--- a/WiiQt/nanddump.cpp
+++ b/WiiQt/nanddump.cpp
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ QByteArray NandDump::GetSettingTxt()
     return GetFile( "/title/00000001/00000002/data/setting.txt" );
 }
 
-bool NandDump::SetSettingTxt( const QByteArray ba )
+bool NandDump::SetSettingTxt( const QByteArray &ba )
 {
     if( basePath.isEmpty() )
 	return false;
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ const QByteArray NandDump::GetFile( const QString &path )
 }
 
 //write some file to the nand
-bool NandDump::SaveData( const QByteArray ba, const QString& path )
+bool NandDump::SaveData( const QByteArray &ba, const QString& path )
 {
     if( basePath.isEmpty() || !path.startsWith( "/" ) )
 	return false;
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ void NandDump::DeleteData( const QString & path )
     QFile::remove( basePath + path );
 }
 
-bool NandDump::InstallTicket( const QByteArray ba, quint64 tid )
+bool NandDump::InstallTicket( const QByteArray &ba, quint64 tid )
 {
     Ticket t( ba );
     if( t.Tid() != tid )
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ bool NandDump::InstallTicket( const QByteArray ba, quint64 tid )
     return SaveData( start, p );
 }
 
-bool NandDump::InstallTmd( const QByteArray ba, quint64 tid )
+bool NandDump::InstallTmd( const QByteArray &ba, quint64 tid )
 {
     Tmd t( ba );
     if( t.Tid() != tid )
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ bool NandDump::InstallTmd( const QByteArray ba, quint64 tid )
     return SaveData( start, p );
 }
 
-bool NandDump::InstallSharedContent( const QByteArray ba, const QByteArray hash )
+bool NandDump::InstallSharedContent( const QByteArray &ba, const QByteArray &hash )
 {
     QByteArray h = hash;
     if( h.isEmpty() )
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ bool NandDump::InstallSharedContent( const QByteArray ba, const QByteArray hash
     return true;
 }
 
-bool NandDump::InstallPrivateContent( const QByteArray ba, quint64 tid, const QString &cid )
+bool NandDump::InstallPrivateContent( const QByteArray &ba, quint64 tid, const QString &cid )
 {
     QString p = QString( "%1" ).arg( tid, 16, 16, QChar( '0' ) );
     p.insert( 8 ,"/" );
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ bool NandDump::RecurseDeleteFolder( const QString &path )
     return  QDir().rmdir( path );
 }
 
-bool NandDump::InstallNusItem( NusJob job )
+bool NandDump::InstallNusItem( const NusJob &job )
 {
     if( !job.tid || job.data.size() < 3 )
     {
@@ -345,13 +345,13 @@ bool NandDump::InstallNusItem( NusJob job )
     if( !QFileInfo( path ).exists() && !QDir().mkpath( path ) )
 	return false;
 
-    QByteArray ba = job.data.takeFirst();
+    QByteArray ba = job.data.at( 0 );
     if( !InstallTmd( ba, job.tid ) )
 	return false;
 
     Tmd t( ba );
 
-    ba = job.data.takeFirst();
+    ba = job.data.at( 1 );
     Ticket ti( ba );
     if( !InstallTicket( ba, job.tid ) )
     {
@@ -372,14 +372,14 @@ bool NandDump::InstallNusItem( NusJob job )
 	QByteArray decData;
 	if( job.decrypt )
 	{
-	    decData = job.data.takeFirst();
+	    decData = job.data.at( i + 2 );
 	}
 	else
 	{
 	    //seems like a waste to keep setting the key, but for now im doing it this way
 	    //so multiple objects can be decrypting titles at the same time
 	    AesSetKey( ti.DecryptedKey() );
-	    QByteArray paddedEncrypted = PaddedByteArray( job.data.takeFirst(), 0x40 );
+	    QByteArray paddedEncrypted = PaddedByteArray( job.data.at( i + 2 ), 0x40 );
 	    decData = AesDecrypt( i, paddedEncrypted );
 	    decData.resize( t.Size( i ) );
 	    QByteArray realHash = GetSha1( decData );
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ bool NandDump::InstallWad( Wad wad )
 	Tmd t( ba );
 
 	ba = wad.getTik();
-	Ticket ti( ba );
+	//Ticket ti( ba );
 	if( !InstallTicket( ba, wad.Tid() ) )
 	{
 		AbortInstalling( wad.Tid() );
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ void NandDump::ReadReplacementStrings()
     }
 }
 
-bool NandDump::SetReplaceString( const QString ch, const QString &replaceWith )
+bool NandDump::SetReplaceString( const QString &ch, const QString &replaceWith )
 {
     qWarning() << "NandDump::SetReplaceString(" << ch << "," << replaceWith << ")";
     QRegExp re( "[^/?*:;{}\\]+" );
@@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ SaveGame NandDump::GetSaveData( quint64 tid )
     return ret;
 }
 
-bool NandDump::InstallSave( SaveGame save )
+bool NandDump::InstallSave( const SaveGame &save )
 {
     if( basePath.isEmpty() || !IsValidSave( save ) )
 	return false;
@@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ bool NandDump::InstallSave( SaveGame save )
     return true;
 }
 
-bool NandDump::IsValidSave( SaveGame save )
+bool NandDump::IsValidSave( const SaveGame &save )
 {
     if( !save.tid || save.entries.size() != save.isFile.size() )
 	return false;
diff --git a/WiiQt/nanddump.h b/WiiQt/nanddump.h
index efe5fd3..d88f77e 100644
--- a/WiiQt/nanddump.h
+++ b/WiiQt/nanddump.h
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public:
     //giving an empty replacement string will remove that entry and all the actual character will be used in paths
     //! this function will recurse the "/title" folder and apply any change to any existing files if finds
     //! if that fails ( like you tried to tell it to use a ':' while writing to a FAT32 drive), it will try to recurse that folder again and undo the change
-    bool SetReplaceString( const QString ch, const QString &replaceWith = QString() );
+    bool SetReplaceString( const QString &ch, const QString &replaceWith = QString() );
 
     //get a list of the replacement strings used when writing save data
     // they are returned as ( character as it would be on the wii nand, string as it is on this nand dump )
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ public:
 
     //installs a title to the nand dump from an already existing NusJob
     //returns false if something went wrong
-    bool InstallNusItem( NusJob job );
+    bool InstallNusItem( const NusJob &job );
 
     //installs a title to the nand dump from a wad
     //returns false if something went wrong
@@ -76,13 +76,13 @@ public:
 
     //overloads GetFile() with "/title/00000001/00000002/data/setting.txt"
     QByteArray GetSettingTxt();
-    bool SetSettingTxt( const QByteArray ba );
+    bool SetSettingTxt( const QByteArray &ba );
 
     //reads a file from the nand and returns it as a qbytearray
     const QByteArray GetFile( const QString &path );
 
     //tries to write the given bytearray to a file of the given path
-    bool SaveData( const QByteArray ba, const QString& path );
+    bool SaveData( const QByteArray &ba, const QString& path );
 
     //expects a file, not directory
     void DeleteData( const QString & path );
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ public:
     SaveGame GetSaveData( quint64 tid );
 
     //installs a save to the nand
-    bool InstallSave( SaveGame save );
+    bool InstallSave( const SaveGame &save );
 
     //convert a name TO the format that will be writen to the nand
     // it would be wise to only give these functions the name of the exact file you want to convert instead of the path
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ public:
     const QString FromNandPath( const QString &path );
 
     //sanity check a save object
-    static bool IsValidSave( SaveGame save );
+    static bool IsValidSave( const SaveGame &save );
 
 
 
@@ -132,10 +132,10 @@ private:
     bool cmDirty;
     bool FlushContentMap();
 
-    bool InstallTicket( const QByteArray ba, quint64 tid );
-    bool InstallTmd( const QByteArray ba, quint64 tid );
-    bool InstallSharedContent( const QByteArray ba, const QByteArray hash = QByteArray() );
-    bool InstallPrivateContent( const QByteArray ba, quint64 tid, const QString &cid );
+    bool InstallTicket( const QByteArray &ba, quint64 tid );
+    bool InstallTmd( const QByteArray &ba, quint64 tid );
+    bool InstallSharedContent( const QByteArray &ba, const QByteArray &hash = QByteArray() );
+    bool InstallPrivateContent( const QByteArray &ba, quint64 tid, const QString &cid );
     void AbortInstalling( quint64 tid );
 
     //go through and delete all the stuff in a given folder and then delete the folder itself
diff --git a/WiiQt/nusdownloader.cpp b/WiiQt/nusdownloader.cpp
index b1b48d2..5b31696 100644
--- a/WiiQt/nusdownloader.cpp
+++ b/WiiQt/nusdownloader.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ void NusDownloader::SetCachePath( const QString &cPath )
 }
 
 //add a single job to the list
-void NusDownloader::GetTitle( NusJob job )
+void NusDownloader::GetTitle( const NusJob &job )
 {
     //qDebug() << "NusDownloader::GetTitle";
     jobList.append( job );
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ void NusDownloader::GetTitle( NusJob job )
 }
 
 //add a list of jobs to the list
-void NusDownloader::GetTitles( QList<NusJob> jobs )
+void NusDownloader::GetTitles( const QList<NusJob> &jobs )
 {
     //qDebug() << "NusDownloader::GetTitles";
     jobList.append( jobs );
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ QByteArray NusDownloader::GetDataFromCache( downloadJob job )
 }
 
 //load the tmd and try to get the ticket
-void NusDownloader::ReadTmdAndGetTicket( QByteArray ba )
+void NusDownloader::ReadTmdAndGetTicket( const QByteArray &ba )
 {
     //qDebug() << "NusDownloader::ReadTmdAndGetTicket" << hex << ba.size();
     curTmd = Tmd( ba );
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ bool NusDownloader::SaveDataToCache( const QString &path, const QByteArray &stuf
     return true;
 }
 
-downloadJob NusDownloader::CreateJob( QString name, quint16 index )
+downloadJob NusDownloader::CreateJob( const QString &name, quint16 index )
 {
     downloadJob r;
     r.tid = QString( "%1" ).arg( currentJob.tid, 16, 16, QChar( '0' ) );
@@ -984,7 +984,7 @@ QMap< quint64, quint16 > NusDownloader::List41e()
 QMap< quint64, quint16 > NusDownloader::List42e()
 {
     QMap< quint64, quint16 > titles = List41e();
-    titles.insert( 0x100000001ull, 0x4 );//make people really ask for the boot2 update if they want it
+    //titles.insert( 0x100000001ull, 0x4 );//make people really ask for the boot2 update if they want it
     titles.insert( 0x100000009ull, 0x30a ); 	// IOS9
     titles.insert( 0x10000000cull, 0x10d ); 	// IOS12
     titles.insert( 0x10000000dull, 0x111 ); 	// IOS13
@@ -1107,7 +1107,6 @@ QMap< quint64, quint16 > NusDownloader::List31u()
 {
     QMap< quint64, quint16 > titles = List30u();
     //( from rockband2 )
-    //titles.insert( 0x100000001ull, 2 );//boot2
     titles.insert( 0x100000002ull, 257 );//sys menu
     titles.insert( 0x10000000eull, 262 );//14v262 - should actually be 14v257 but that version isnt available on NUS
     titles.insert( 0x10000001eull, 1040 );//30v1040
diff --git a/WiiQt/nusdownloader.h b/WiiQt/nusdownloader.h
index 013e62a..66870b9 100644
--- a/WiiQt/nusdownloader.h
+++ b/WiiQt/nusdownloader.h
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ public:
     void SetCachePath( const QString &cPath = QString() );
 
     //get a title from NUS.  if version is 0, get the latest one
-    void GetTitle( NusJob job );
-    void GetTitles( QList<NusJob> jobs );
+    void GetTitle( const NusJob &job );
+    void GetTitles( const QList<NusJob> &jobs );
     void Get( quint64 tid, bool decrypt, quint16 version = TITLE_LATEST_VERSION );
 
     //TODO!  this function is far from complete
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ public:
 private:
 
     //helper function to create a job
-    downloadJob CreateJob( QString name, quint16 index );
+    downloadJob CreateJob( const QString &name, quint16 index );
 
     //path on the PC to try and get files from and save to to avoid downloading deplicates from NUS
     QString cachePath;
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ private:
     bool SaveDataToCache( const QString &path, const QByteArray &stuff );
 
     //check the tmd and try to ticket
-    void ReadTmdAndGetTicket( QByteArray ba );
+    void ReadTmdAndGetTicket( const QByteArray &ba );
 
     bool DecryptCheckHashAndAppendData( const QByteArray &encData, quint16 idx );
 
diff --git a/WiiQt/sharedcontentmap.cpp b/WiiQt/sharedcontentmap.cpp
index 92cbff4..9bb8a63 100644
--- a/WiiQt/sharedcontentmap.cpp
+++ b/WiiQt/sharedcontentmap.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "sharedcontentmap.h"
 #include "tools.h"
 
-SharedContentMap::SharedContentMap( QByteArray old )
+SharedContentMap::SharedContentMap( const QByteArray &old )
 {
     data = old;
     if( data.size() )
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ bool SharedContentMap::Check( const QString &path )
     return true;
 }
 
-QString SharedContentMap::GetAppFromHash( QByteArray hash )
+QString SharedContentMap::GetAppFromHash( const QByteArray &hash )
 {
     quint32 cnt = data.size() / 28;
     for( quint32 i = 0; i < cnt; i++ )
diff --git a/WiiQt/sharedcontentmap.h b/WiiQt/sharedcontentmap.h
index b026338..6a82466 100644
--- a/WiiQt/sharedcontentmap.h
+++ b/WiiQt/sharedcontentmap.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 class SharedContentMap
 {
 public:
-    SharedContentMap( QByteArray old = QByteArray() );
+    SharedContentMap( const QByteArray &old = QByteArray() );
 
     //checks that the content map is sane
     //size should be correct, contents should be in numerical order
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ public:
 
     //gets a string containing the 8 letter app that matches the given hash.
     //returns an empty string if the hash is not found in the map
-    QString GetAppFromHash( QByteArray hash );
+    QString GetAppFromHash( const QByteArray &hash );
 
     //gets the first available u32 that is not already in the map and returns it as a string
     QString GetNextEmptyCid();
diff --git a/WiiQt/tiktmd.cpp b/WiiQt/tiktmd.cpp
index 306feba..791282a 100644
--- a/WiiQt/tiktmd.cpp
+++ b/WiiQt/tiktmd.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 #include <iostream>
 
-Tmd::Tmd( QByteArray stuff )
+Tmd::Tmd( const QByteArray &stuff )
 {
     data = stuff;
     p_tmd = NULL;
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ QByteArray Tmd::Hash( quint16 i )
     return QByteArray( (const char*)&p_tmd->contents[ i ].hash, 20 );
 }
 
-bool Tmd::SetHash( quint16 cid, const QByteArray hash )
+bool Tmd::SetHash( quint16 cid, const QByteArray &hash )
 {
     if( !p_tmd || cid >= qFromBigEndian( p_tmd->num_contents ) || hash.size() != 20 )
 	return false;
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ bool Tmd::FakeSign()
     return ret;
 }
 
-Ticket::Ticket( QByteArray stuff )
+Ticket::Ticket( const QByteArray &stuff )
 {
     data = stuff;
     p_tik = NULL;
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ static int get_sub_len( const quint8 *sub )
     return -ERROR_SUB_TYPE;
 }
 
-static int check_rsa( QByteArray h, const quint8 *sig, const quint8 *key, const quint32 n )
+static int check_rsa( const QByteArray &h, const quint8 *sig, const quint8 *key, const quint32 n )
 {
     quint8 correct[ 0x200 ], x[ 0x200 ];
     static const quint8 ber[ 16 ] = { 0x00,0x30,0x21,0x30,0x09,0x06,0x05,0x2b,
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ static int check_rsa( QByteArray h, const quint8 *sig, const quint8 *key, const
     return ERROR_RSA_HASH;
 }
 
-static int check_hash( QByteArray h, const quint8 *sig, const quint8 *key )
+static int check_hash( const QByteArray &h, const quint8 *sig, const quint8 *key )
 {
     quint32 type;
     type = BE32( sig ) - 0x10000;
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ static const quint8* find_cert_in_chain( const quint8 *sub, const quint8 *cert,
     return NULL;
 }
 
-int check_cert_chain( const QByteArray data )
+int check_cert_chain( const QByteArray &data )
 {
     int cert_err;
     const quint8* key;
diff --git a/WiiQt/tiktmd.h b/WiiQt/tiktmd.h
index ee0d6ee..5defe12 100644
--- a/WiiQt/tiktmd.h
+++ b/WiiQt/tiktmd.h
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ typedef struct _cert_ecdsa {
 class Ticket
 {
 public:
-    Ticket( QByteArray stuff = QByteArray() );
+    Ticket( const QByteArray &stuff = QByteArray() );
 
     //expose the tik data to the rest of the code so it cas read directly from the p_tmd instead of having to add a function to access all the data
     //the pointer should be good until "data" is changed
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ private:
 class Tmd
 {
 public:
-    Tmd( QByteArray stuff = QByteArray() );
+    Tmd( const QByteArray &stuff = QByteArray() );
 
     //expose the tmd data to the rest of the code so it cas read directly from the p_tmd instead of having to add a function to access all the data
     //the pointer should be good until "data" is changed
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ public:
     bool SetVersion( quint16 v );
     bool SetType( quint16 i, quint16 type );
     bool SetSize( quint16 i, quint32 size );
-    bool SetHash( quint16 i, const QByteArray hash );
+    bool SetHash( quint16 i, const QByteArray &hash );
     bool SetIOS( quint64 ios );
 	bool SetAhb( bool remove = true );
 	bool SetDiskAccess( bool allow = true );
@@ -249,6 +249,6 @@ enum
 
 //checks the signatures in a tmd/ticket
 //returns 1 of the above enums
-int check_cert_chain( const QByteArray data );
+int check_cert_chain( const QByteArray &data );
 
 #endif // TIKTMD_H
diff --git a/WiiQt/tools.cpp b/WiiQt/tools.cpp
index 5947c93..2fad569 100644
--- a/WiiQt/tools.cpp
+++ b/WiiQt/tools.cpp
@@ -3,10 +3,6 @@
 #include "aes.h"
 #include "sha1.h"
 
-//QString currentDir;
-//QString cachePath = "./NUS_cache";
-//QString nandPath = "./dump";
-
 char ascii( char s ) {
     if ( s < 0x20 ) return '.';
     if ( s > 0x7E ) return '.';
@@ -92,20 +88,20 @@ QByteArray PaddedByteArray( const QByteArray &orig, quint32 padTo )
     return orig + padding;
 }
 
-QByteArray AesDecrypt( quint16 index, const QByteArray source )
+QByteArray AesDecrypt( quint16 index, const QByteArray &source )
 {
     //qDebug() << "AesDecrypt" << hex << index << source.size();
 	quint8 iv[ 16 ];
 
 	quint16 beidx = qFromBigEndian( index );
-	memset( iv, 0, 16 );
-	memcpy( iv, &beidx, 2 );
+	memset( &iv, 0, 16 );
+	memcpy( &iv, &beidx, 2 );
 	QByteArray ret( source.size(), '\0' );
-	aes_decrypt( iv, (const quint8*)source.data(), (quint8*)ret.data(), source.size() );
+	aes_decrypt( (quint8*)&iv, (const quint8*)source.data(), (quint8*)ret.data(), source.size() );
 	return ret;
 }
 
-QByteArray AesEncrypt( quint16 index, const QByteArray source )
+QByteArray AesEncrypt( quint16 index, const QByteArray &source )
 {
 	static quint8 iv[ 16 ];
 
@@ -117,13 +113,13 @@ QByteArray AesEncrypt( quint16 index, const QByteArray source )
 	return ret;
 }
 
-void AesSetKey( const QByteArray key )
+void AesSetKey( const QByteArray &key )
 {
 //    qDebug() << "AesSetKey()" << key.toHex();
     aes_set_key( (const quint8*)key.data() );
 }
 
-QByteArray GetSha1( QByteArray stuff )
+QByteArray GetSha1( const QByteArray &stuff )
 {
     SHA1Context sha;
     SHA1Reset( &sha );
@@ -157,7 +153,7 @@ QByteArray ReadFile( const QString &path )
     return ret;
 }
 
-bool WriteFile( const QString &path, const QByteArray ba )
+bool WriteFile( const QString &path, const QByteArray &ba )
 {
     QFile file( path );
     if( !file.open( QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Truncate ) )
diff --git a/WiiQt/tools.h b/WiiQt/tools.h
index 4a41408..8e2b25f 100644
--- a/WiiQt/tools.h
+++ b/WiiQt/tools.h
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ void hexdump12( const void *d, int len );
 void hexdump12( const QByteArray &d, int from = 0, int len = -1 );
 
 //simplified functions for crypto shit
-void AesSetKey( const QByteArray key );
-QByteArray AesDecrypt( quint16 index, const QByteArray source );
-QByteArray AesEncrypt( quint16 index, const QByteArray source );
+void AesSetKey( const QByteArray &key );
+QByteArray AesDecrypt( quint16 index, const QByteArray &source );
+QByteArray AesEncrypt( quint16 index, const QByteArray &source );
 
-QByteArray GetSha1( QByteArray stuff );
+QByteArray GetSha1( const QByteArray &stuff );
 
 //get a padded version of the given buffer
 QByteArray PaddedByteArray( const QByteArray &orig, quint32 padTo );
@@ -29,16 +29,7 @@ QByteArray PaddedByteArray( const QByteArray &orig, quint32 padTo );
 QByteArray ReadFile( const QString &path );
 
 //save a file to disc
-bool WriteFile( const QString &path, const QByteArray ba );
-
-//keep track of the last folder browsed to when looking for files
-//extern QString currentDir;
-
-//folder used to cache stuff downloaded from NUS so duplicate titles dont need to be downloaded
-//extern QString cachePath;
-
-//folder to use as the base path for the nand
-//extern QString nandPath;
+bool WriteFile( const QString &path, const QByteArray &ba );
 
 #define CERTS_DAT_SIZE 2560
 extern const quint8 certs_dat[ CERTS_DAT_SIZE ];
diff --git a/WiiQt/uidmap.cpp b/WiiQt/uidmap.cpp
index 6990707..0ef48d4 100644
--- a/WiiQt/uidmap.cpp
+++ b/WiiQt/uidmap.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "uidmap.h"
 #include "tools.h"
 
-UIDmap::UIDmap( const QByteArray old )
+UIDmap::UIDmap( const QByteArray &old )
 {
     data = old;
     if( data.isEmpty() )
diff --git a/WiiQt/uidmap.h b/WiiQt/uidmap.h
index a688279..8147409 100644
--- a/WiiQt/uidmap.h
+++ b/WiiQt/uidmap.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 class UIDmap
 {
 public:
-    UIDmap( const QByteArray old = QByteArray() );
+    UIDmap( const QByteArray &old = QByteArray() );
     ~UIDmap();
 
     //makes sure there are the default entries in the map and that the entries are sane
diff --git a/WiiQt/wad.cpp b/WiiQt/wad.cpp
index e20195b..c576a06 100644
--- a/WiiQt/wad.cpp
+++ b/WiiQt/wad.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 static QByteArray globalCert;
 
-Wad::Wad( const QByteArray stuff )
+Wad::Wad( const QByteArray &stuff )
 {
 	ok = false;
 	if( stuff.size() < 0x80 )//less than this and there is definitely nothing there
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ Wad::Wad( const QByteArray stuff )
 	ok = true;
 }
 
-Wad::Wad( QList< QByteArray > stuff, bool encrypted )
+Wad::Wad( const QList< QByteArray > &stuff, bool encrypted )
 {
     if( stuff.size() < 3 )
     {
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ Wad::Wad( QList< QByteArray > stuff, bool encrypted )
 
 }
 
-void Wad::SetCert( const QByteArray stuff )
+void Wad::SetCert( const QByteArray &stuff )
 {
     certData = stuff;
 }
@@ -238,14 +238,14 @@ quint32 Wad::content_count()
 	return partsEnc.size();
 }
 
-void Wad::Err( QString str )
+void Wad::Err( const QString &str )
 {
     ok = false;
     errStr = str;
     qWarning() << "Wad::Error" << str;
 }
 
-const QByteArray Wad::Data( quint32 magicWord, const QByteArray footer )
+const QByteArray Wad::Data( quint32 magicWord, const QByteArray &footer )
 {
 	//qDebug() << "Wad::Data" << hex << magicWord << footer.size();
 	if( !partsEnc.size() || tmdData.isEmpty() || tikData.isEmpty() || ( certData.isEmpty() && globalCert.isEmpty() ) )
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ const QByteArray Wad::Data( quint32 magicWord, const QByteArray footer )
 	return ret;
 }
 
-QString Wad::WadName( QString path )
+QString Wad::WadName( const QString &path )
 {
     if( !tmdData.size() )
     {
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ QString Wad::WadName( QString path )
     return WadName( t.Tid(), t.Version(), path );
 }
 
-QString Wad::WadName( quint64 tid, quint16 version, QString path )
+QString Wad::WadName( quint64 tid, quint16 version, const QString &path )
 {
     quint32 type = (quint32)( ( tid >> 32 ) & 0xffffffff );
     quint32 base = (quint32)( tid & 0xffffffff );
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ bool Wad::SetDiskAccess( bool allow )
 	return true;
 }
 
-bool Wad::ReplaceContent( quint16 idx, const QByteArray ba )
+bool Wad::ReplaceContent( quint16 idx, const QByteArray &ba )
 {
 	if( idx >= partsEnc.size() || !tmdData.size() || !tikData.size() )
 	{
@@ -675,3 +675,10 @@ bool Wad::ReplaceContent( quint16 idx, const QByteArray ba )
 	return true;
 }
 
+QByteArray FromPartList( const QList< QByteArray > &stuff, bool isEncrypted = true )
+{
+    Wad wad( stuff, isEncrypted );
+    if( !wad.IsOk() )
+	return QByteArray();
+    return wad.Data();
+}
diff --git a/WiiQt/wad.h b/WiiQt/wad.h
index 847c9c1..3087e41 100644
--- a/WiiQt/wad.h
+++ b/WiiQt/wad.h
@@ -6,18 +6,18 @@ class Wad
 {
 public:
     //create a wad instance from a bytearray containing a wad
-    Wad( const QByteArray stuff = QByteArray() );
+    Wad( const QByteArray &stuff = QByteArray() );
 
     //create a wad object from a list of byteArrays.
     //the first one should be the tmd, the second one the ticket, and the rest are the contents, in order
     //it will use the global cert unless one is given with SetCert
-    Wad( QList< QByteArray > stuff, bool isEncrypted = true );
+    Wad( const QList< QByteArray > &stuff, bool isEncrypted = true );
 
     //check if this wad is valid
     bool IsOk(){ return ok; }
 
     //set the cert for this wad
-    void SetCert( const QByteArray stuff );
+    void SetCert( const QByteArray &stuff );
 
     //returns the tid of the tmd of this wad( which may be different than the one in the ticket if somebody did something stupid )
     quint64 Tid();
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public:
 
     //replace a content of this wad, update the size & hash in the tmd and sign it
     //ba should be decrypted
-    bool ReplaceContent( quint16 idx, const QByteArray ba );
+    bool ReplaceContent( quint16 idx, const QByteArray &ba );
 
     //add a new content to this wad and fakesign
     //if the data is encrypted, set that arguement to true
@@ -50,15 +50,21 @@ public:
     static void SetGlobalCert( const QByteArray &stuff );
 
     //pack a wad from the given directory
+    //returns a bytearray containing a wad reading for writing to a file
+    //or an empty bytearray on error
+    //! dir should be a directory containing a tmd ( "*.tmd" or "tmd.*" ), a ticket ( "*.tik" or "cetk" ),
+    //! all the contents ( <cid>.app :where cid is the correct cid from the tmd, not the "0, 1, 2, 3..." bullshit some broken wad-unpackers create )
+    //! if any of the .apps do not match in size or hash what is in the TMD, then the TMD will be updated and fakesigned
+    //! a cert ( "*.cert" ) is also supported, but not required
     static QByteArray FromDirectory( QDir dir );
 
     //get a assembled wad from the list of parts
     //the first one should be the tmd, the second one the ticket, and the rest are the contents, in order
     //it will use the global cert
-    static QByteArray FromPartList( QList< QByteArray > stuff, bool isEncrypted = true );
+    static QByteArray FromPartList( const QList< QByteArray > &stuff, bool isEncrypted = true );
 
     //get all the parts of this wad put together in a wad ready for writing to disc or whatever
-    const QByteArray Data( quint32 magicWord = 0x49730000, const QByteArray footer = QByteArray() );
+    const QByteArray Data( quint32 magicWord = 0x49730000, const QByteArray &footer = QByteArray() );
 	
     //get the tmd for the wad
     const QByteArray getTmd();
@@ -78,10 +84,10 @@ public:
     //get a name for a wad as it would be seen in a wii disc update partition
     //if a path is given, it will check that path for existing wads with the name and append a number to the end "(1)" to avoid duplicate files
     //returns an empty string if it cant guess the title based on TID
-    static QString WadName( quint64 tid, quint16 version, QString path = QString() );
+    static QString WadName( quint64 tid, quint16 version, const QString &path = QString() );
 
     //get this Wad's name as it would appear on a disc update partition
-    QString WadName( QString path = QString() );
+    QString WadName( const QString &path = QString() );
 
 private:
     bool ok;
@@ -93,7 +99,7 @@ private:
     QByteArray tikData;
     QByteArray certData;
 
-    void Err( QString str );
+    void Err( const QString &str );
 };
 
 #endif // WAD_H
diff --git a/nand_dump/mainwindow.cpp b/nand_dump/mainwindow.cpp
index 42b5e4e..bf66e9d 100644
--- a/nand_dump/mainwindow.cpp
+++ b/nand_dump/mainwindow.cpp
@@ -343,7 +343,6 @@ void MainWindow::on_actionImportWad_triggered()
 		ShowMessage( tr( "Wad data not ok" ) );;
 		return;
 	}
-
 	bool ok = nand.InstallWad( wad );
 	if( ok )
 	    ShowMessage( tr( "Installed %1 title to nand" ).arg( wad.WadName() ) );
diff --git a/nand_dump/mainwindow.ui b/nand_dump/mainwindow.ui
index 04cc557..5860e12 100644
--- a/nand_dump/mainwindow.ui
+++ b/nand_dump/mainwindow.ui
@@ -245,6 +245,9 @@
    <property name="text">
     <string>Import Wad</string>
    </property>
+   <property name="shortcut">
+    <string>Ctrl+I</string>
+   </property>
   </action>
  </widget>
  <layoutdefault spacing="6" margin="11"/>