cemu-DS4Windows/DS4Windows/DS4Library/DS4Device.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Threading;

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading.Tasks;


using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections;
using System.Drawing;
using DS4Windows.DS4Library;

namespace DS4Windows
{
    public struct DS4Color
    {
        public byte red;
        public byte green;
        public byte blue;
        public DS4Color(System.Drawing.Color c)
        {
            red = c.R;
            green = c.G;
            blue = c.B;
        }

        public DS4Color(byte r, byte g, byte b)
        {
            red = r;
            green = g;
            blue = b;
        }

        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            if (obj is DS4Color)
            {
                DS4Color dsc = ((DS4Color)obj);
                return (this.red == dsc.red && this.green == dsc.green && this.blue == dsc.blue);
            }
            else
                return false;
        }

        public Color ToColor => Color.FromArgb(red, green, blue);
        public Color ToColorA
        {
            get
            {
                byte alphacolor = Math.Max(red, Math.Max(green, blue));
                Color reg = Color.FromArgb(red, green, blue);
                Color full = HuetoRGB(reg.GetHue(), reg.GetBrightness(), reg);
                return Color.FromArgb((alphacolor > 205 ? 255 : (alphacolor + 50)), full);
            }
        }

        private Color HuetoRGB(float hue, float light, Color rgb)
        {
            float L = (float)Math.Max(.5, light);
            float C = (1 - Math.Abs(2 * L - 1));
            float X = (C * (1 - Math.Abs((hue / 60) % 2 - 1)));
            float m = L - C / 2;
            float R = 0, G = 0, B = 0;
            if (light == 1) return Color.White;
            else if (rgb.R == rgb.G && rgb.G == rgb.B) return Color.White;
            else if (0 <= hue && hue < 60) { R = C; G = X; }
            else if (60 <= hue && hue < 120) { R = X; G = C; }
            else if (120 <= hue && hue < 180) { G = C; B = X; }
            else if (180 <= hue && hue < 240) { G = X; B = C; }
            else if (240 <= hue && hue < 300) { R = X; B = C; }
            else if (300 <= hue && hue < 360) { R = C; B = X; }
            return Color.FromArgb((int)((R + m) * 255), (int)((G + m) * 255), (int)((B + m) * 255));
        }

        public static bool TryParse(string value, ref DS4Color ds4color)
        {
            try
            {
                string[] ss = value.Split(',');
                return byte.TryParse(ss[0], out ds4color.red) &&byte.TryParse(ss[1], out ds4color.green) && byte.TryParse(ss[2], out ds4color.blue);
            }
            catch { return false; }
        }

        public override string ToString() => $"Red: {red} Green: {green} Blue: {blue}";
    }

    public enum ConnectionType : byte { BT, SONYWA, USB }; // Prioritize Bluetooth when both BT and USB are connected.

    /**
     * The haptics engine uses a stack of these states representing the light bar and rumble motor settings.
     * It (will) handle composing them and the details of output report management.
     */
    public struct DS4HapticState
    {
        public DS4Color LightBarColor;
        public bool LightBarExplicitlyOff;
        public byte LightBarFlashDurationOn, LightBarFlashDurationOff;
        public byte RumbleMotorStrengthLeftHeavySlow, RumbleMotorStrengthRightLightFast;
        public bool RumbleMotorsExplicitlyOff;

        public bool IsLightBarSet()
        {
            return LightBarExplicitlyOff || LightBarColor.red != 0 || LightBarColor.green != 0 || LightBarColor.blue != 0;
        }

        public bool IsRumbleSet()
        {
            return RumbleMotorsExplicitlyOff || RumbleMotorStrengthLeftHeavySlow != 0 || RumbleMotorStrengthRightLightFast != 0;
        }
    }
    
    public class DS4Device
    {
        private const int BT_OUTPUT_REPORT_LENGTH = 78;
        private const int BT_INPUT_REPORT_LENGTH = 547;
        // Use large value for worst case scenario
        private const int READ_STREAM_TIMEOUT = 100;
        // Isolated BT report can have latency as high as 15 ms
        // due to hardware.
        private const int WARN_INTERVAL_BT = 20;
        private const int WARN_INTERVAL_USB = 10;
        // Maximum values for battery level when no USB cable is connected
        // and when a USB cable is connected
        private const int BATTERY_MAX = 8;
        private const int BATTERY_MAX_USB = 11;
        private HidDevice hDevice;
        private string Mac;
        private DS4State cState = new DS4State();
        private DS4State pState = new DS4State();
        private ConnectionType conType;
        private byte[] accel = new byte[6];
        private byte[] gyro = new byte[6];
        private byte[] inputReport;
        private byte[] inputReport2;
        private byte[] btInputReport = null;
        private byte[] outputReportBuffer, outputReport;
        private readonly DS4Touchpad touchpad = null;
        private readonly DS4SixAxis sixAxis = null;
        private byte rightLightFastRumble;
        private byte leftHeavySlowRumble;
        private DS4Color ligtBarColor;
        private byte ledFlashOn, ledFlashOff;
        private Thread ds4Input, ds4Output;
        private int battery;
        private DS4Audio audio = new DS4Audio();
        public DateTime lastActive = DateTime.UtcNow;
        public DateTime firstActive = DateTime.UtcNow;
        private bool charging;
        private bool outputRumble = false;
        private int warnInterval = WARN_INTERVAL_USB;
        public int getWarnInterval()
        {
            return warnInterval;
        }

        private bool exitOutputThread = false;
        private object exitLocker = new object();
        public event EventHandler<EventArgs> Report = null;
        public event EventHandler<EventArgs> Removal = null;

        public HidDevice HidDevice => hDevice;
        public bool IsExclusive => HidDevice.IsExclusive;
        public bool isExclusive()
        {
            return HidDevice.IsExclusive;
        }
        private bool isDisconnecting = false;
        public bool IsDisconnecting
        {
            get { return isDisconnecting; }
            private set
            {
                this.isDisconnecting = value;
            }
        }
        public bool isDisconnectingStatus()
        {
            return this.isDisconnecting;
        }

        private bool isRemoving = false;
        public bool IsRemoving
        {
            get { return isRemoving; }
            set
            {
                this.isRemoving = value;
            }
        }

        private bool isRemoved = false;
        public bool IsRemoved
        {
            get { return isRemoved; }
            set
            {
                this.isRemoved = value;
            }
        }

        public object removeLocker = new object();

        public string MacAddress =>  Mac;
        public string getMacAddress()
        {
            return this.Mac;
        }

        public ConnectionType ConnectionType => conType;
        public ConnectionType getConnectionType()
        {
            return this.conType;
        }

        // behavior only active when > 0
        private int idleTimeout = 0;
        public int IdleTimeout
        {
            get { return idleTimeout; }
            set
            {
                idleTimeout = value;
            }
        }

        public int getIdleTimeout()
        {
            return idleTimeout;
        }

        public void setIdleTimeout(int value)
        {
            if (idleTimeout != value)
            {
                idleTimeout = value;
            }
        }

        public int Battery => battery;
        public int getBattery()
        {
            return battery;
        }

        public bool Charging => charging;
        public bool isCharging()
        {
            return charging;
        }

        private long lastTimeElapsed = 0;
        public long getLastTimeElapsed()
        {
            return lastTimeElapsed;
        }

        public byte RightLightFastRumble
        {
            get { return rightLightFastRumble; }
            set
            {
                if (rightLightFastRumble != value)
                    rightLightFastRumble = value;
            }
        }

        public byte LeftHeavySlowRumble
        {
            get { return leftHeavySlowRumble; }
            set
            {
                if (leftHeavySlowRumble != value)
                    leftHeavySlowRumble = value;
            }
        }

        public byte getLeftHeavySlowRumble()
        {
            return leftHeavySlowRumble;
        }

        public DS4Color LightBarColor
        {
            get { return ligtBarColor; }
            set
            {
                if (ligtBarColor.red != value.red || ligtBarColor.green != value.green || ligtBarColor.blue != value.blue)
                {
                    ligtBarColor = value;
                }
            }
        }

        public byte LightBarOnDuration
        {
            get { return ledFlashOn; }
            set
            {
                if (ledFlashOn != value)
                {
                    ledFlashOn = value;
                }
            }
        }

        public byte getLightBarOnDuration()
        {
            return ledFlashOn;
        }
        
        public byte LightBarOffDuration
        {
            get { return ledFlashOff; }
            set
            {
                if (ledFlashOff != value)
                {
                    ledFlashOff = value;
                }
            }
        }

        public byte getLightBarOffDuration()
        {
            return ledFlashOff;
        }

        public DS4Touchpad Touchpad { get { return touchpad; } }
        public DS4SixAxis SixAxis { get { return sixAxis; } }

        public static ConnectionType HidConnectionType(HidDevice hidDevice)
        {
            ConnectionType result = ConnectionType.USB;
            if (hidDevice.Capabilities.InputReportByteLength == 64)
            {
                if (hidDevice.Capabilities.NumberFeatureDataIndices == 22)
                {
                    result = ConnectionType.SONYWA;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                result = ConnectionType.BT;
            }

            return result;
        }

        public DS4Device(HidDevice hidDevice)
        {            
            hDevice = hidDevice;
            conType = HidConnectionType(hDevice);
            Mac = hDevice.readSerial();
            if (conType == ConnectionType.USB || conType == ConnectionType.SONYWA)
            {
                inputReport = new byte[64];
                inputReport2 = new byte[64];
                outputReport = new byte[hDevice.Capabilities.OutputReportByteLength];
                outputReportBuffer = new byte[hDevice.Capabilities.OutputReportByteLength];
                if (conType == ConnectionType.USB)
                {
                    warnInterval = WARN_INTERVAL_USB;
                }
                else
                {
                    warnInterval = WARN_INTERVAL_BT;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                btInputReport = new byte[BT_INPUT_REPORT_LENGTH];
                inputReport = new byte[btInputReport.Length - 2];
                outputReport = new byte[BT_OUTPUT_REPORT_LENGTH];
                outputReportBuffer = new byte[BT_OUTPUT_REPORT_LENGTH];
                warnInterval = WARN_INTERVAL_BT;
            }

            touchpad = new DS4Touchpad();
            sixAxis = new DS4SixAxis();
        }

        public void StartUpdate()
        {
            if (ds4Input == null)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(MacAddress.ToString() + " " + System.DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("o") + "> start");
                sendOutputReport(true); // initialize the output report
                ds4Output = new Thread(performDs4Output);
                ds4Output.Priority = ThreadPriority.AboveNormal;
                ds4Output.Name = "DS4 Output thread: " + Mac;
                ds4Output.IsBackground = true;
                if (conType == ConnectionType.BT)
                {
                    // Only use the output thread for Bluetooth connections.
                    // USB will utilize overlapped IO instead.
                    ds4Output.Start();
                }

                ds4Input = new Thread(performDs4Input);
                ds4Input.Priority = ThreadPriority.AboveNormal;
                ds4Input.Name = "DS4 Input thread: " + Mac;
                ds4Input.IsBackground = true;
                ds4Input.Start();
            }
            else
                Console.WriteLine("Thread already running for DS4: " + Mac);
        }

        public void StopUpdate()
        {
            if (ds4Input != null &&
                ds4Input.IsAlive && !ds4Input.ThreadState.HasFlag(System.Threading.ThreadState.Stopped) &&
                !ds4Input.ThreadState.HasFlag(System.Threading.ThreadState.AbortRequested))
            {
                try
                {
                    ds4Input.Abort();
                    ds4Input.Join();
                }
                catch (Exception e)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
                }
            }

            StopOutputUpdate();
        }

        private void StopOutputUpdate()
        {
            lock (exitLocker)
            {
                if (ds4Output != null &&
                    ds4Output.IsAlive && !ds4Output.ThreadState.HasFlag(System.Threading.ThreadState.Stopped) &&
                    !ds4Output.ThreadState.HasFlag(System.Threading.ThreadState.AbortRequested))
                {
                    try
                    {
                        exitOutputThread = true;
                        /*lock (outputReport)
                        {
                            Monitor.PulseAll(outputReport);
                        }
                        */

                        ds4Output.Interrupt();
                        ds4Output.Join();
                    }
                    catch (Exception e)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private bool writeOutput()
        {
            if (conType == ConnectionType.BT)
            {
                return hDevice.WriteOutputReportViaControl(outputReport);
            }
            else
            {
                return hDevice.WriteAsyncOutputReportViaInterrupt(outputReport);
            }
        }

        private void performDs4Output()
        {
            lock (outputReport)
            {
                try
                {
                    int lastError = 0;
                    while (!exitOutputThread)
                    {
                        bool result = false;
                        if (outputRumble)
                        {
                            result = writeOutput();

                            if (!result)
                            {
                                int thisError = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
                                if (lastError != thisError)
                                {
                                    Console.WriteLine(MacAddress.ToString() + " " + System.DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("o") + "> encountered write failure: " + thisError);
                                    lastError = thisError;
                                }
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                outputRumble = false;
                            }
                        }

                        if (!outputRumble)
                        {
                            lastError = 0;
                            Monitor.Wait(outputReport);
                            /*if (testRumble.IsRumbleSet()) // repeat test rumbles periodically; rumble has auto-shut-off in the DS4 firmware
                                Monitor.Wait(outputReport, 10000); // DS4 firmware stops it after 5 seconds, so let the motors rest for that long, too.
                            else
                                Monitor.Wait(outputReport);
                            */
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch (ThreadInterruptedException)
                {

                }
            }
        }

        /** Is the device alive and receiving valid sensor input reports? */
        public bool IsAlive()
        {
            return priorInputReport30 != 0xff;
        }

        private byte priorInputReport30 = 0xff;
        public double Latency = 0;
        public string error;

        private void performDs4Input()
        {
            firstActive = DateTime.UtcNow;
            NativeMethods.HidD_SetNumInputBuffers(hDevice.safeReadHandle.DangerousGetHandle(), 2);
            List<long> Latency = new List<long>(100);
            long oldtime = 0;
            Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
            sw.Start();
            while (true)
            {
                string currerror = string.Empty;
                long curtime = sw.ElapsedMilliseconds;
                this.lastTimeElapsed = curtime - oldtime;
                Latency.Add(this.lastTimeElapsed);
                oldtime = curtime;

                if (Latency.Count > 100)
                    Latency.RemoveAt(0);

                this.Latency = Latency.Average();

                if (conType == ConnectionType.BT)
                {
                    //HidDevice.ReadStatus res = hDevice.ReadFile(btInputReport);
                    HidDevice.ReadStatus res = hDevice.ReadAsyncWithFileStream(btInputReport, READ_STREAM_TIMEOUT);
                    if (res == HidDevice.ReadStatus.Success)
                    {
                        Array.Copy(btInputReport, 2, inputReport, 0, inputReport.Length);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(MacAddress.ToString() + " " + System.DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("o") + "> disconnect due to read failure: " + Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
                        sendOutputReport(true); // Kick Windows into noticing the disconnection.
                        StopOutputUpdate();
                        isDisconnecting = true;
                        if (Removal != null)
                            Removal(this, EventArgs.Empty);
                        return;

                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    //HidDevice.ReadStatus res = hDevice.ReadFile(inputReport);
                    //Array.Clear(inputReport, 0, inputReport.Length);
                    HidDevice.ReadStatus res = hDevice.ReadAsyncWithFileStream(inputReport, READ_STREAM_TIMEOUT);
                    if (res != HidDevice.ReadStatus.Success)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(MacAddress.ToString() + " " + System.DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("o") + "> disconnect due to read failure: " + Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
                        StopOutputUpdate();
                        isDisconnecting = true;
                        if (Removal != null)
                            Removal(this, EventArgs.Empty);
                        return;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        //Array.Copy(inputReport2, 0, inputReport, 0, inputReport.Length);
                    }
                }

                if (conType == ConnectionType.BT && btInputReport[0] != 0x11)
	            {
	                //Received incorrect report, skip it
	                continue;
	            }

                DateTime utcNow = System.DateTime.UtcNow; // timestamp with UTC in case system time zone changes
                resetHapticState();
                cState.ReportTimeStamp = utcNow;
                cState.LX = inputReport[1];
                cState.LY = inputReport[2];
                cState.RX = inputReport[3];
                cState.RY = inputReport[4];
                cState.L2 = inputReport[8];
                cState.R2 = inputReport[9];

                cState.Triangle = (inputReport[5] & (1 << 7)) != 0;
                cState.Circle = (inputReport[5] & (1 << 6)) != 0;
                cState.Cross = (inputReport[5] & (1 << 5)) != 0;
                cState.Square = (inputReport[5] & (1 << 4)) != 0;

                // First 4 bits denote dpad state. Clock representation
                // with 8 meaning centered and 0 meaning DpadUp.
                byte dpad_state = (byte)(inputReport[5] & 0x0F);

                switch (dpad_state)
                {
                    case 0: cState.DpadUp = true; cState.DpadDown = false; cState.DpadLeft = false; cState.DpadRight = false; break;
                    case 1: cState.DpadUp = true; cState.DpadDown = false; cState.DpadLeft = false; cState.DpadRight = true; break;
                    case 2: cState.DpadUp = false; cState.DpadDown = false; cState.DpadLeft = false; cState.DpadRight = true; break;
                    case 3: cState.DpadUp = false; cState.DpadDown = true; cState.DpadLeft = false; cState.DpadRight = true; break;
                    case 4: cState.DpadUp = false; cState.DpadDown = true; cState.DpadLeft = false; cState.DpadRight = false; break;
                    case 5: cState.DpadUp = false; cState.DpadDown = true; cState.DpadLeft = true; cState.DpadRight = false; break;
                    case 6: cState.DpadUp = false; cState.DpadDown = false; cState.DpadLeft = true; cState.DpadRight = false; break;
                    case 7: cState.DpadUp = true; cState.DpadDown = false; cState.DpadLeft = true; cState.DpadRight = false; break;
                    case 8:
                    default: cState.DpadUp = false; cState.DpadDown = false; cState.DpadLeft = false; cState.DpadRight = false; break;
                }

                cState.R3 = (inputReport[6] & (1 << 7)) != 0;
                cState.L3 = (inputReport[6] & (1 << 6)) != 0;
                cState.Options = (inputReport[6] & (1 << 5)) != 0;
                cState.Share = (inputReport[6] & (1 << 4)) != 0;
                cState.R1 = (inputReport[6] & (1 << 1)) != 0;
                cState.L1 = (inputReport[6] & (1 << 0)) != 0;

                cState.PS = (inputReport[7] & (1 << 0)) != 0;
                cState.TouchButton = (inputReport[7] & (1 << 2 - 1)) != 0;
                cState.FrameCounter = (byte)(inputReport[7] >> 2);

                // Store Gyro and Accel values
                Array.Copy(inputReport, 14, accel, 0, 6);
                Array.Copy(inputReport, 20, gyro, 0, 6);
                sixAxis.handleSixaxis(gyro, accel, cState);

                try
                {
                    charging = (inputReport[30] & 0x10) != 0;
                    int maxBatteryValue = charging ? BATTERY_MAX_USB : BATTERY_MAX;
                    int tempBattery = (inputReport[30] & 0x0f) * 100 / maxBatteryValue;
                    battery = Math.Min((byte)tempBattery, (byte)100);
                    cState.Battery = (byte)battery;
                    if (inputReport[30] != priorInputReport30)
                    {
                        priorInputReport30 = inputReport[30];
                        //Console.WriteLine(MacAddress.ToString() + " " + System.DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("o") + "> power subsystem octet: 0x" + inputReport[30].ToString("x02"));
                    }
                }
                catch { currerror = "Index out of bounds: battery"; }

                // XXX DS4State mapping needs fixup, turn touches into an array[4] of structs.  And include the touchpad details there instead.
                try
                {
                    for (int touches = inputReport[-1 + DS4Touchpad.TOUCHPAD_DATA_OFFSET - 1], touchOffset = 0; touches > 0; touches--, touchOffset += 9)
                    {
                        cState.TouchPacketCounter = inputReport[-1 + DS4Touchpad.TOUCHPAD_DATA_OFFSET + touchOffset];
                        cState.Touch1 = (inputReport[0 + DS4Touchpad.TOUCHPAD_DATA_OFFSET + touchOffset] >> 7) != 0 ? false : true; // >= 1 touch detected
                        cState.Touch1Identifier = (byte)(inputReport[0 + DS4Touchpad.TOUCHPAD_DATA_OFFSET + touchOffset] & 0x7f);
                        cState.Touch2 = (inputReport[4 + DS4Touchpad.TOUCHPAD_DATA_OFFSET + touchOffset] >> 7) != 0 ? false : true; // 2 touches detected
                        cState.Touch2Identifier = (byte)(inputReport[4 + DS4Touchpad.TOUCHPAD_DATA_OFFSET + touchOffset] & 0x7f);
                        cState.TouchLeft = (inputReport[1 + DS4Touchpad.TOUCHPAD_DATA_OFFSET + touchOffset] + ((inputReport[2 + DS4Touchpad.TOUCHPAD_DATA_OFFSET + touchOffset] & 0xF) * 255) >= 1920 * 2 / 5) ? false : true;
                        cState.TouchRight = (inputReport[1 + DS4Touchpad.TOUCHPAD_DATA_OFFSET + touchOffset] + ((inputReport[2 + DS4Touchpad.TOUCHPAD_DATA_OFFSET + touchOffset] & 0xF) * 255) < 1920 * 2 / 5) ? false : true;
                        // Even when idling there is still a touch packet indicating no touch 1 or 2
                        touchpad.handleTouchpad(inputReport, cState, touchOffset);
                    }
                }
                catch { currerror = "Index out of bounds: touchpad"; }

                /* Debug output of incoming HID data:
                if (cState.L2 == 0xff && cState.R2 == 0xff)
                {
                    Console.Write(MacAddress.ToString() + " " + System.DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("o") + ">");
                    for (int i = 0; i < inputReport.Length; i++)
                        Console.Write(" " + inputReport[i].ToString("x2"));
                    Console.WriteLine();
                } */

                bool ds4Idle = cState.FrameCounter == pState.FrameCounter;
                if (!ds4Idle)
                {
                    isRemoved = false;
                }

                if (conType == ConnectionType.USB)
                {
                    lastActive = utcNow;
                }
                else
                {
                    bool shouldDisconnect = false;
                    int idleTime = idleTimeout;
                    if (!isRemoved && idleTime > 0)
                    {
                        bool idleInput = isDS4Idle();
                        if (idleInput)
                        {
                            DateTime timeout = lastActive + TimeSpan.FromSeconds(idleTime);
                            if (!charging)
                                shouldDisconnect = utcNow >= timeout;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            lastActive = utcNow;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        lastActive = utcNow;
                    }

                    if (shouldDisconnect)
                    {
                        if (conType == ConnectionType.BT)
                        {
                            if (DisconnectBT())
                                return; // all done
                        }
                        else if (conType == ConnectionType.SONYWA)
                        {
                            DisconnectDongle();
                        }
                    }
                }

                // XXX fix initialization ordering so the null checks all go away
                if (Report != null)
                    Report(this, EventArgs.Empty);

                bool syncWriteReport = true;
                if (conType == ConnectionType.BT)
                {
                    syncWriteReport = false;
                }
                sendOutputReport(syncWriteReport);

                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(error))
                    error = string.Empty;

                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(currerror))
                    error = currerror;

                cState.CopyTo(pState);
            }
        }

        public void FlushHID()
        {
            hDevice.flush_Queue();
        }

        private void sendOutputReport(bool synchronous)
        {
            setTestRumble();
            setHapticState();

            if (conType == ConnectionType.BT)
            {
                outputReportBuffer[0] = 0x11;
                outputReportBuffer[1] = 0x80;
                outputReportBuffer[3] = 0xff;
                outputReportBuffer[6] = rightLightFastRumble; //fast motor
                outputReportBuffer[7] = leftHeavySlowRumble; //slow motor
                outputReportBuffer[8] = LightBarColor.red; //red
                outputReportBuffer[9] = LightBarColor.green; //green
                outputReportBuffer[10] = LightBarColor.blue; //blue
                outputReportBuffer[11] = ledFlashOn; //flash on duration
                outputReportBuffer[12] = ledFlashOff; //flash off duration
            }
            else
            {
                outputReportBuffer[0] = 0x05;
                outputReportBuffer[1] = 0xff;
                outputReportBuffer[4] = rightLightFastRumble; //fast motor
                outputReportBuffer[5] = leftHeavySlowRumble; //slow  motor
                outputReportBuffer[6] = LightBarColor.red; //red
                outputReportBuffer[7] = LightBarColor.green; //green
                outputReportBuffer[8] = LightBarColor.blue; //blue
                outputReportBuffer[9] = ledFlashOn; //flash on duration
                outputReportBuffer[10] = ledFlashOff; //flash off duration
                outputReportBuffer[19] = outputReportBuffer[20] = Convert.ToByte(audio.Volume);
            }

            bool quitOutputThread = false;

            lock (outputReport)
            {
                if (synchronous)
                {
                    outputRumble = false;
                    outputReportBuffer.CopyTo(outputReport, 0);
                    try
                    {
                        if (!writeOutput())
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine(MacAddress.ToString() + " " + System.DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("o") + "> encountered synchronous write failure: " + Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
                            quitOutputThread = true;
                        }
                    }
                    catch
                    {
                        // If it's dead already, don't worry about it.
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    bool output = false;
                    for (int i = 0, arlen = outputReport.Length; !output && i < arlen; i++)
                        output = outputReport[i] != outputReportBuffer[i];
                    if (output)
                    {
                        outputRumble = true;
                        outputReportBuffer.CopyTo(outputReport, 0);
                        Monitor.Pulse(outputReport);
                    }
                }
            }

            if (quitOutputThread)
            {
                StopOutputUpdate();
            }
        }

        public bool DisconnectBT()
        {
            if (Mac != null)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Trying to disconnect BT device " + Mac);
                IntPtr btHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
                int IOCTL_BTH_DISCONNECT_DEVICE = 0x41000c;

                byte[] btAddr = new byte[8];
                string[] sbytes = Mac.Split(':');
                for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
                {
                    // parse hex byte in reverse order
                    btAddr[5 - i] = Convert.ToByte(sbytes[i], 16);
                }

                long lbtAddr = BitConverter.ToInt64(btAddr, 0);

                NativeMethods.BLUETOOTH_FIND_RADIO_PARAMS p = new NativeMethods.BLUETOOTH_FIND_RADIO_PARAMS();
                p.dwSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(NativeMethods.BLUETOOTH_FIND_RADIO_PARAMS));
                IntPtr searchHandle = NativeMethods.BluetoothFindFirstRadio(ref p, ref btHandle);
                int bytesReturned = 0;
                bool success = false;
                while (!success && btHandle != IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    success = NativeMethods.DeviceIoControl(btHandle, IOCTL_BTH_DISCONNECT_DEVICE, ref lbtAddr, 8, IntPtr.Zero, 0, ref bytesReturned, IntPtr.Zero);
                    NativeMethods.CloseHandle(btHandle);
                    if (!success)
                    {
                        if (!NativeMethods.BluetoothFindNextRadio(searchHandle, ref btHandle))
                            btHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
                    }
                }

                NativeMethods.BluetoothFindRadioClose(searchHandle);
                Console.WriteLine("Disconnect successful: " + success);
                success = true; // XXX return value indicates failure, but it still works?
                if (success)
                {
                    IsDisconnecting = true;
                    StopOutputUpdate();

                    if (Removal != null)
                        Removal(this, EventArgs.Empty);
                }

                return success;
            }

            return false;
        }

        public bool DisconnectDongle(bool remove = false)
        {
            bool result = false;
            byte[] disconnectReport = new byte[65];
            disconnectReport[0] = 0xe2;
            disconnectReport[1] = 0x02;
            Array.Clear(disconnectReport, 2, 63);

            result = hDevice.WriteFeatureReport(disconnectReport);
            if (result && remove)
            {
                isDisconnecting = true;
                StopOutputUpdate();

                if (Removal != null)
                    Removal(this, EventArgs.Empty);
            }
            else if (result && !remove)
            {
                isRemoved = true;
            }

            return result;
        }

        private DS4HapticState testRumble = new DS4HapticState();

        public void setRumble(byte rightLightFastMotor, byte leftHeavySlowMotor)
        {
            testRumble.RumbleMotorStrengthRightLightFast = rightLightFastMotor;
            testRumble.RumbleMotorStrengthLeftHeavySlow = leftHeavySlowMotor;
            testRumble.RumbleMotorsExplicitlyOff = rightLightFastMotor == 0 && leftHeavySlowMotor == 0;
        }

        private void setTestRumble()
        {
            if (testRumble.IsRumbleSet())
            {
                pushHapticState(testRumble);
                if (testRumble.RumbleMotorsExplicitlyOff)
                    testRumble.RumbleMotorsExplicitlyOff = false;
            }
        }

        public DS4State getCurrentState()
        {
            return cState.Clone();
        }

        public DS4State getPreviousState()
        {
            return pState.Clone();
        }

        public void getExposedState(DS4StateExposed expState, DS4State state)
        {
            cState.CopyTo(state);
            expState.setAccel(accel);
            expState.setGyro(gyro);
        }

        public void getCurrentState(DS4State state)
        {
            cState.CopyTo(state);
        }

        public void getPreviousState(DS4State state)
        {
            pState.CopyTo(state);
        }

        private bool isDS4Idle()
        {
            if (cState.Square || cState.Cross || cState.Circle || cState.Triangle)
                return false;
            if (cState.DpadUp || cState.DpadLeft || cState.DpadDown || cState.DpadRight)
                return false;
            if (cState.L3 || cState.R3 || cState.L1 || cState.R1 || cState.Share || cState.Options)
                return false;
            if (cState.L2 != 0 || cState.R2 != 0)
                return false;
            // TODO calibrate to get an accurate jitter and center-play range and centered position
            const int slop = 64;
            if (cState.LX <= 127 - slop || cState.LX >= 128 + slop || cState.LY <= 127 - slop || cState.LY >= 128 + slop)
                return false;
            if (cState.RX <= 127 - slop || cState.RX >= 128 + slop || cState.RY <= 127 - slop || cState.RY >= 128 + slop)
                return false;
            if (cState.Touch1 || cState.Touch2 || cState.TouchButton)
                return false;
            return true;
        }

        private DS4HapticState[] hapticState = new DS4HapticState[1];
        private int hapticStackIndex = 0;
        private void resetHapticState()
        {
            hapticStackIndex = 0;
        }

        // Use the "most recently set" haptic state for each of light bar/motor.
        private void setHapticState()
        {
            DS4Color lightBarColor = LightBarColor;
            byte lightBarFlashDurationOn = LightBarOnDuration, lightBarFlashDurationOff = LightBarOffDuration;
            byte rumbleMotorStrengthLeftHeavySlow = LeftHeavySlowRumble, rumbleMotorStrengthRightLightFast = rightLightFastRumble;
            int hapticLen = hapticState.Length;
            for (int i=0; i < hapticLen; i++)
            {
                DS4HapticState haptic = hapticState[i];
                if (i == hapticStackIndex)
                    break; // rest haven't been used this time

                if (haptic.IsLightBarSet())
                {
                    lightBarColor = haptic.LightBarColor;
                    lightBarFlashDurationOn = haptic.LightBarFlashDurationOn;
                    lightBarFlashDurationOff = haptic.LightBarFlashDurationOff;
                }

                if (haptic.IsRumbleSet())
                {
                    rumbleMotorStrengthLeftHeavySlow = haptic.RumbleMotorStrengthLeftHeavySlow;
                    rumbleMotorStrengthRightLightFast = haptic.RumbleMotorStrengthRightLightFast;
                }
            }

            LightBarColor = lightBarColor;
            LightBarOnDuration = lightBarFlashDurationOn;
            LightBarOffDuration = lightBarFlashDurationOff;
            LeftHeavySlowRumble = rumbleMotorStrengthLeftHeavySlow;
            RightLightFastRumble = rumbleMotorStrengthRightLightFast;
        }

        public void pushHapticState(DS4HapticState hs)
        {
            int hapsLen = hapticState.Length;
            if (hapticStackIndex == hapsLen)
            {
                DS4HapticState[] newHaptics = new DS4HapticState[hapsLen + 1];
                Array.Copy(hapticState, newHaptics, hapsLen);
                hapticState = newHaptics;
            }

            hapticState[hapticStackIndex++] = hs;
        }

        override
        public String ToString()
        {
            return Mac;
        }
    }
}